General Pathology | MCQ Quiz | OmpathStudy Kenya

Question 1

Vasoactive amines responsible for vasodilatation during inflammation are released from which cell type?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells — Mast cells contain preformed vasoactive mediators including histamine, which causes immediate vasodilation and increased vascular permeability during the early phase of acute inflammation.

Question 2

Bradykinin causes all the following during inflammation EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Opsonisation and Chemotaxis — Bradykinin is a vasoactive peptide that causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and pain. It does not directly cause opsonization or chemotaxis.

Question 3

Granulomas are characterised by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Acute inflammatory reaction — Granulomas are a form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and sometimes giant cells.

Question 4

During acute inflammation, tissue oedema occurs due to:

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary permeability — Tissue edema results from increased vascular permeability, allowing plasma proteins and fluid to leak into the interstitial space.

Question 5

The process by which white blood cells migrate from blood vessels through widened inter-endothelial junctions is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Diapedesis — Diapedesis (transmigration) is the process by which leukocytes migrate between endothelial cells to exit the vascular compartment.

Question 6

During acute inflammation, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) helps in:

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of T-lymphocytes — IL-1 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation.

Question 7

The following are mediators of inflammation EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Myeloperoxidase enzyme — Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme in neutrophil granules used for antimicrobial activity, not a primary mediator of inflammation.

Question 8

Caseating type granulomas are usually seen in:

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis — Caseating granulomas with central necrosis are characteristic of mycobacterial infections, particularly tuberculosis.

Question 9

In granulomas, epithelioid and giant cells are derived from:

Accepted Answer

Circulating monocytes — Epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells are derived from activated macrophages, which originate from circulating monocytes.

Question 10

The characteristic cells of chronic inflammation are all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) — PMNs (neutrophils) are the hallmark of acute inflammation; chronic inflammation involves mononuclear cells.

Question 11

The following vascular changes are observed in acute inflammation EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood flow — Acute inflammation initially causes increased blood flow due to vasodilation.

Question 12

The most common fixative used to preserve tissue in histopathology is:

Accepted Answer

10% Formalin — 10% neutral buffered formalin is the standard fixative used to cross-link proteins and preserve morphology.

Question 13

Cells which have the capacity to multiply throughout their lifespan are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Labile cells — Labile cells (e.g., skin, GI epithelium) continuously divide to replace lost cells.

Question 14

The following cells have LEAST capacity for regeneration:

Accepted Answer

Neuronal cells — Neurons are permanent cells with minimal to no regenerative capacity in the adult CNS.

Question 15

The FIRST event in primary wound healing is:

Accepted Answer

Formation of blood clot — Hemostasis and clot formation occur immediately to stop bleeding and provide a scaffold.

Question 16

Clean, uninfected, surgically incised wounds whose edges are approximated by surgical sutures heal by:

Accepted Answer

Primary intention

Question 17

Large open wounds characterised by tissue loss and repaired by granulation tissue in the floor heal by:

Accepted Answer

Secondary intention

Question 18

The following events are common to primary and secondary wound healing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Wound contraction — Wound contraction is primarily a feature of secondary intention healing.

Question 19

The following factors inhibit wound healing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Proteins — Proteins are essential building blocks for repair and collagen synthesis.

Question 20

Granulation tissue consists of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Polymorphonuclear cells

Question 21

The correct sequence of the cell cycle is:

Accepted Answer

G0 – G1 – S – G2 – M

Question 22

The following local factors influence wound healing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Nutrition — Nutrition is a systemic factor, not a local factor.

Question 23

The term Metaplasia refers to:

Accepted Answer

Replacement of one type of adult cell by another

Question 24

Malignant neoplasms show all the following features EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Capsulation — Malignant tumors typically lack a capsule and are invasive.

Question 25

The increase in size of individual cells within an organ is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy

Question 26

The following is classified as a tumor suppressor gene:

Accepted Answer

p53

Question 27

Burkitt's lymphoma is associated with proliferation of:

Accepted Answer

B-lymphocyte cells

Question 28

The following are oncogenic viruses in humans EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Polio virus

Question 29

Which of the following is TRUE regarding pathologic assessment of tumours?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 30

Immune response and defense to tumours is mediated by the following cell types EXCEPT: ## SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

General Pathology | MCQ Quiz | OmpathStudy Kenya

Questions, Answers & Explanations