50 Year 2: Parasitology exam questions on Medical Entomology Cat Practice for medical students. Includes MCQs, answers, explanations and written questions. Samp
This MCQ set contains 50 questions on Medical Entomology Cat Practice in the Year 2: Parasitology unit. Each question includes the correct answer and a detailed explanation for active recall and exam preparation.
Correct answer: B – Endophagic and endophilic
Endophagic refers to feeding indoors, while endophilic refers to resting indoors after blood meal digestion. This combination makes a vector particularly dangerous for indoor transmission of diseases like malaria.
Correct answer: B – Diverting vectors to feed on animals instead of humans
Zooprophylaxis involves diverting zoophilic vectors away from humans by providing alternative animal hosts, thereby reducing human-vector contact and disease transmission.
Correct answer: B – Incomplete metamorphosis without pupal stage
Hemimetabolous development is incomplete metamorphosis proceeding through egg, nymph, and adult stages without a pupal stage. This is seen in ticks, bedbugs, and cockroaches.
Correct answer: B – Remaining close to the host's resting place
Nidicolous behavior means the vector stays near the host's home or resting area. Soft ticks (Argasidae) exhibit this behavior, while hard ticks (Ixodidae) are non-nidicolous and move away from the host's dwelling.
Correct answer: B – Time of day when they are most active
Diurnal vectors are active during the day (e.g., Aedes aegypti), while nocturnal vectors are active at night (e.g., Anopheles mosquitoes, cockroaches). This affects control strategies and personal protection measures.
Correct answer: B – Climbing vegetation and extending limbs to attach to passing hosts
Questing is the characteristic behavior of hard ticks where they climb up vegetation and extend their forelegs to attach to warm-blooded animals that pass by. This is how they locate and attach to potential hosts.
Correct answer: B – The pathogen is physically carried by the vector without multiplication
Mechanical transmission occurs when a vector carries a pathogen on its body parts (e.g., legs, mouthparts) without the pathogen undergoing development or multiplication in the vector. Houseflies mechanically transmit many pathogens.
Correct answer: A – Feeds on blood outdoors
Exophagic means feeding outdoors. This is important for vector control because exophagic vectors are less affected by indoor residual spraying (IRS) compared to endophagic vectors.
Correct answer: B – Transmission from infected female to her offspring through eggs
Trans-ovarial (vertical) transmission occurs when an infected female vector passes the pathogen to her eggs, resulting in infected offspring. This is seen in soft ticks transmitting Borrelia (relapsing fever).
Correct answer: C – Cockroaches
Cockroaches, ticks, and bedbugs undergo incomplete metamorphosis (egg → nymph → adult) without a pupal stage. Mosquitoes and houseflies undergo complete metamorphosis (egg → larva → pupa → adult). --- SECTION B: COCKROACHES & BEDBUGS (Questions 11-16)
Correct answer: B – Blattella germanica
Blattella germanica is the German cockroach, one of the most common household pest cockroaches worldwide. Periplaneta americana is the American cockroach, and Blatta orientalis is the Oriental cockroach.
Correct answer: D – Biological vector of malaria
Cockroaches are NOT biological vectors of malaria. They are mechanical vectors that transmit bacteria like E. coli and cause allergies through inhalation of their body parts and feces. Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.
Correct answer: B – Five-segmented rostrum
Bedbugs (Cimicidae) have a five-segmented rostrum (proboscis) used for piercing skin and taking blood meals. This is a key morphological feature for identification.
Correct answer: C – Nighttime
Bedbugs are nocturnal feeders with an aversion to light. They hide in cracks and crevices during the day and emerge at night to feed on sleeping hosts.
Correct answer: B – Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Bedbugs can mechanically transmit Bacillus anthracis (anthrax). They are also associated with transmission of Borrelia (Lyme disease) and may transmit filarial nematodes.
Correct answer: B – Contact and stomach poison causing dehydration
Boric acid acts as both a contact and stomach poison. It adheres to the cockroach's body, is ingested during grooming, and causes dehydration by damaging the exoskeleton and digestive system. --- SECTION C: FLIES - MUSCIDAE, FANIDAE & TABANIDAE (Questions 17-24)
Correct answer: C – Stomoxys calcitrans
Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) is a biting fly that takes blood meals and causes painful bites. Unlike the common housefly (Musca domestica), which only feeds on liquid organic matter, Stomoxys is a true biter.
Correct answer: B – Mechanical vectors carrying pathogens on body parts
Houseflies are mechanical vectors that carry pathogens (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminth eggs) on their body parts, especially legs and mouthparts, contaminating food and surfaces without the pathogen multiplying in the fly.
Correct answer: B – Requires living tissue to complete the larval life cycle
Obligate myiasis requires living tissue for larval development (e.g., screwworm flies). Facultative myiasis can occur in living or dead tissue. Accidental myiasis occurs when larvae are ingested by chance.
Correct answer: C – Debride dead and necrotic tissue from wounds
Sterile maggots of Lucilia sericata selectively feed on dead, necrotic tissue (debridement) while leaving healthy tissue intact. This cleans wounds and promotes healing, a practice called maggot debridement therapy.
Correct answer: C – Daytime, especially in bright sunlight
Horse flies are diurnal (day-active) and prefer bright, sunny conditions. They are persistent biters and are attracted to movement and dark objects, making them particularly troublesome during daytime outdoor activities.
Correct answer: B – Chrysops
Chrysops (deer flies) are specifically noted to be attracted by smoke, unlike other Tabanidae genera. This is an unusual characteristic that can be important in certain environments.
Correct answer: F – Plasmodium falciparum (Malari
Horse flies mechanically transmit anthrax, tularemia, and Lyme disease pathogens. Malaria is biologically transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, not mechanically by horse flies.
Correct answer: B – Attracting flies with UV light then electrocuting them
UV light traps (insectocutors) attract flies using ultraviolet light, which flies find attractive. When flies approach, they are electrocuted by an electric grid, providing a non-chemical control method. --- SECTION D: TICKS - IXODIDAE & ARGASIDAE (Questions 25-34)
Correct answer: C – Remain attached to hosts for longer periods (1-4 weeks)
Hard ticks attach to hosts for extended periods (1-4 weeks) to feed. Soft ticks feed quickly (minutes to hours) and drop off. Hard ticks are non-nidicolous (move away from host's home), while soft ticks are nidicolous.