Lower Limb Anatomy MCQ Compilation | MCQ Quiz | OmpathStudy Kenya

Question 1

Tensor fasciae latae is supplied by:

Accepted Answer

Superior gluteal nerve — Tensor fasciae latae is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1). This nerve emerges from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle and supplies tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus.

Question 2

Which structure is intrasynovial at the knee joint:

Accepted Answer

None of the above — While the cruciate ligaments and tendon of popliteus are intracapsular (inside the fibrous capsule), they are actually extrasynovial as they are covered by synovial membrane. The menisci are also intracapsular but not truly intrasynovial.

Question 3

The 'screw-home' movement in extension of the knee joint begins with tightening of the:

Accepted Answer

Anterior cruciate ligament — The screw-home mechanism involves automatic lateral rotation of the tibia on the femur during the last 20-30 degrees of extension. This is initiated by tightening of the anterior cruciate ligament, which causes the tibia to rotate laterally to achieve full extension and "lock" the knee.

Question 4

Tibialis anterior:

Accepted Answer

Tendon perforates the superior extensor retinaculum — The tendon of tibialis anterior passes through the superior extensor retinaculum at the ankle. It is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve (not tibial), inserts into the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal, and arises from the lateral tibia and interosseous membrane.

Question 5

The adductor canal:

Accepted Answer

Always has the femoral artery lying between the saphenous nerve and the femoral vein — In the adductor canal (Hunter's canal), the femoral artery is positioned between the saphenous nerve (laterally) and the femoral vein (medially/posteriorly). The canal contains the femoral vessels, saphenous nerve, and nerve to vastus medialis, and ends at the adductor hiatus in adductor magnus.

Question 6

The great saphenous vein:

Accepted Answer

Enters the femoral vein on its anteromedial side — The great saphenous vein pierces the cribriform fascia and enters the femoral vein on its anteromedial aspect below the inguinal ligament. It begins from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch, passes anterior (not posterior) to the medial malleolus, and is only accompanied by the saphenous nerve in the lower leg.

Question 7

Regarding the femoral artery:

Accepted Answer

The lateral circumflex femoral artery separates the superficial and deep branches of the femoral nerve — The lateral circumflex femoral artery, a branch of the profunda femoris, passes laterally between the divisions of the femoral nerve, separating the superficial and deep branches. The profunda femoris arises from the posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery.

Question 8

Gluteus maximus:

Accepted Answer

Is the chief control of hip flexion — Gluteus maximus is the chief EXTENSOR (not flexor) of the hip, particularly important when rising from sitting, climbing stairs, and running. It receives blood from both superior and inferior gluteal arteries, and the majority of its fibers insert into the iliotibial tract rather than the gluteal tuberosity.

Question 9

Regarding the adductor compartment:

Accepted Answer

The hamstring part of adductor magnus is supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve — Adductor magnus is a composite muscle. The adductor portion is supplied by the obturator nerve, while the hamstring (ischiocondylar) portion is supplied by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. This dual innervation reflects its dual embryological origin.

Question 10

Which vessel is NOT involved in the trochanteric anastomosis?

Accepted Answer

Obturator artery — The trochanteric anastomosis around the greater trochanter involves branches from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries, but NOT the obturator artery. This anastomosis provides collateral circulation to the hip region.

Question 11

The sciatic nerve:

Accepted Answer

Lies deep to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve — The sciatic nerve lies deep (anterior) to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve in the gluteal region. It emerges below (not over) piriformis, is derived from L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, and typically divides into tibial and common peroneal components in the lower thigh.

Question 12

Which is the odd one out?

Accepted Answer

Superior gluteal nerve — The superior gluteal nerve is the only structure that emerges ABOVE piriformis through the greater sciatic foramen. All the other structures (sciatic nerve, nerve to obturator internus, pudendal nerve, and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve) emerge BELOW piriformis.

Question 13

Regarding the hamstring compartment:

Accepted Answer

Ischial fibres of adductor magnus degenerate to form the tibial collateral ligament — The hamstring part of adductor magnus has some fibers that insert as a tendon onto the adductor tubercle, and phylogenetically these fibers are related to the medial (tibial) collateral ligament. The oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion of semimembranosus, not biceps femoris. [hidden]

Question 14

Regarding the popliteal vessels:

Accepted Answer

The middle genicular artery supplies the cruciate ligaments — The middle genicular artery is a small branch that pierces the posterior capsule of the knee joint to supply the cruciate ligaments and synovial membrane. The popliteal vein lies between the artery and tibial nerve (artery is deepest), and the popliteal artery enters on the medial side.

Question 15

At the knee joint:

Accepted Answer

The cruciate ligaments are sensitive and the menisci are not — The cruciate ligaments are richly innervated and sensitive to pain and proprioception. The menisci have nerve supply only at their peripheral attachments, with the central portions being relatively avascular and aneural. The fibular collateral ligament is NOT attached to the lateral meniscus.

Question 16

Regarding nerve supply of the lower limb:

Accepted Answer

The cruciate ligaments are supplied by the tibial nerve — The cruciate ligaments receive innervation from branches of the tibial nerve (part of the articular branch supply to the knee joint). The anterior compartment is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve, and obturator internus is supplied by the nerve to obturator internus (not the obturator nerve).

Question 17

Regarding flexor digitorum longus:

Accepted Answer

The medial two tendons receive a strong slip from the tendon of flexor hallucis longus — In the sole of the foot, the tendon of flexor hallucis longus sends a strong slip to join the medial two tendons of flexor digitorum longus. The four tendons divide in the sole (not under the retinaculum), and they insert into the bases of the distal (not middle) phalanges.

Question 18

The following are branches of the femoral artery except:

Accepted Answer

Middle genicular artery — The middle genicular artery is a branch of the popliteal artery (not the femoral artery). It pierces the posterior capsule of the knee to supply the cruciate ligaments. The superficial branches and deep external pudendal artery are all direct branches of the femoral artery.

Question 19

The following cutaneous nerves of the thigh are derived in part from the second lumbar nerve except:

Accepted Answer

Ilioinguinal — The ilioinguinal nerve arises from L1 only. The medial femoral cutaneous (L2-L3), obturator (L2-L4), lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-L3), and genitofemoral (L1-L2) nerves all have contributions from L2.

Question 20

Which of the following, regarding the great saphenous vein, is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It passes behind the medial malleolus — The great saphenous vein passes ANTERIOR (in front of) the medial malleolus, not behind it. All other statements are correct. The vein ascends on the medial aspect of the leg and thigh. Section 2 Questions - Format: Question, Choices, Answer, Short Explanation

Question 21

Cutaneous nerve supply of the thigh involves all but which of the following: ---

Accepted Answer

The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Question 22

The patellar plexus takes twigs from all but which of the following? ---

Accepted Answer

Infrapatellar branch of the common peroneal nerve

Question 23

The inferior gluteal nerve supplies: ---

Accepted Answer

Gluteus maximus

Question 24

With respect to the posterior compartment of the leg, which is FALSE? ---

Accepted Answer

The small saphenous vein drains the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and medial margin of the foot

Question 25

The myotome for plantar flexion of the great toe is: ---

Accepted Answer

S1, 2

Question 26

With respect to the hip bone: ---

Accepted Answer

The line between the highest point of the iliac crest passes through the spine of L4

Question 27

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the adductor (subsartorial) canal? ---

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve

Question 28

The surface markings of the sciatic nerve are from: ---

Accepted Answer

The midpoint of a line between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter to apex of the popliteal fossa

Question 29

The femoral canal: ---

Accepted Answer

Is medial to the femoral vein

Question 30

The great saphenous vein: ---

Accepted Answer

Commences at the medial end of the dorsal venous arch

Question 31

Which is NOT true of the tendoachilles? ---

Accepted Answer

It is invested in a synovial sheath

Question 32

Which of the following structures lies within the knee joint? ---

Accepted Answer

Tendon of popliteus

Question 33

Following an injury to the leg, a patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot. Which nerve is most likely to be damaged? ---

Accepted Answer

The deep branch of the common peroneal nerve

Question 34

With respect to peroneus longus: ---

Accepted Answer

It is supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve

Question 35

The stability of the weightbearing flexed knee is maintained by: ---

Accepted Answer

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 36

Regarding the femoral triangle: ---

Accepted Answer

The long saphenous vein joins the femoral vein within the triangle

Question 37

Inversion of the foot is performed by which pair of muscles? ---

Accepted Answer

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

Question 38

The anterior tibial artery: ---

Accepted Answer

Lies lateral to tibialis anterior

Question 39

The suprapatellar bursa: ---

Accepted Answer

Extends 5cm or more above the patella

Question 40

Which of the following does NOT apply to the popliteus muscle? ---

Accepted Answer

It acts to extend the knee joint

Question 41

A 30 year old man presents with adenopathy of the medial group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes on the right side. Which of the following is the primary site resulting in this finding? ---

Accepted Answer

The anal canal

Question 42

Regarding the femoral artery: ---

Accepted Answer

Its branches include the superficial epigastric artery and the deep external pudendal artery

Question 43

Regarding the popliteal fossa: ---

Accepted Answer

The common peroneal nerve passes through the lateral part of the fossa

Question 44

Regarding the movements at the knee joint: ---

Accepted Answer

There is no active rotation of the extended knee

Question 45

The dorsalis pedis artery: ---

Accepted Answer

Joins the lateral plantar artery to form the plantar arch

Question 46

A 25 year old man is unable to plantar flex his foot. The most likely cause is damage to: ---

Accepted Answer

The tibial nerve

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a component of the second layer of the sole of the foot? ---

Accepted Answer

Abductor hallucis

Question 48

Which of the following structures does NOT pass through the greater sciatic foramen? ---

Accepted Answer

The nerve to obturator externus

Question 49

The psoas muscle: ---

Accepted Answer

Passes across the front of the capsule of the hip joint

Question 50

The femoral nerve: ---

Accepted Answer

Is formed from the same spinal segments as the obturator nerve

Lower Limb Anatomy MCQ Compilation | MCQ Quiz | OmpathStudy Kenya

Questions, Answers & Explanations