34 Year 1: Anatomy exam questions on Anatomy Comprehensive Review for medical students. Includes MCQs, answers, explanations and written questions. Sample: What
This MCQ set contains 34 questions on Anatomy Comprehensive Review in the Year 1: Anatomy unit. Each question includes the correct answer and a detailed explanation for active recall and exam preparation.
Correct answer: C – IX
The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provides taste innervation to the posterior third of the tongue. CN VII (facial) supplies taste to the anterior two-thirds, while CN V provides general sensation but not taste. ---
Correct answer: D – Superior lymphatic duct
The carotid sheath contains the common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve. The superior lymphatic duct is not contained within the carotid sheath. ---
Correct answer: B – Vagus nerve
The vagus nerve (CN X) provides motor innervation to the muscles of the hypopharynx through its pharyngeal branch. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to this region. ---
Correct answer: E – Greater auricular nerve
The greater auricular nerve pierces through the parotid gland. The facial nerve also passes through the parotid gland, but it's not listed as an option. The external carotid artery enters the gland but doesn't pierce through it completely. ---
Correct answer: D – Left hypoglossal nerve
The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) controls tongue movement. When one side is paralyzed, the tongue deviates toward the paralyzed side due to the unopposed action of the contralateral genioglossus muscle. ---
Correct answer: C – Subclavius muscle
The posterior triangle is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid anteriorly, trapezius posteriorly, and clavicle inferiorly. The subclavius muscle is located beneath the clavicle and is not part of the posterior triangle boundaries. ---
Correct answer: A – Facial nerve
The facial nerve (CN VII) innervates the muscles of facial expression, including those involved in smiling. Injury to this nerve results in facial paralysis on the affected side. ---
Correct answer: D – Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
The posterior triangle of the neck is subdivided into the occipital triangle (above) and subclavian triangle (below) by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. ---
Correct answer: C – Visceral compartment and vertebral compartment
The retropharyngeal space is a potential space between the buccopharyngeal fascia (covering the visceral compartment) and the prevertebral fascia (covering the vertebral compartment). ---
Correct answer: D – Posterior mediastinum
The retropharyngeal space communicates with the posterior mediastinum, allowing infections to spread from the neck into the chest cavity, which can be life-threatening. --- CELL BIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY
Correct answer: A – Nucleolus
The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound organelle within the nucleus. All other options are membrane-bound organelles. ---
Correct answer: D – Phospholipid-protein complex
The electron-dense layers of cell membranes represent the phospholipid-protein complexes that form the basic structure of biological membranes. ---
Correct answer: C – Lysosomes
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for intracellular digestion, breaking down worn-out organelles and cellular debris. ---
Correct answer: E – Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane can be visualized under light microscopy, especially when stained. The other structures are too small to be resolved by light microscopy and require electron microscopy. ---
Correct answer: E – Tight junctions (zonula occludens)
Tight junctions are characterized by the fusion of the outer leaflets of adjacent cell membranes, creating an impermeable seal between cells. ---
Correct answer: D – Are synthesizing large amounts of protein
Cytoplasmic basophilia is due to abundant ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, which are characteristic of cells actively synthesizing proteins. --- GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Correct answer: B – Gastrin
Gastrin is a hormone secreted by endocrine cells (G cells), not exocrine cells. All other options are enzymes secreted by exocrine cells. ---
Correct answer: E – Hepatic cells (hepatocytes)
Hepatocytes are the main functional cells of the liver and are responsible for bile production. Kupffer cells are liver macrophages. ---
Correct answer: D – Muscularis externa
The esophagus is divided into upper, middle, and lower thirds based on the transition from skeletal muscle to smooth muscle in the muscularis externa. ---
Correct answer: E – All but the stomach
Plicae circularis are circular folds present in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) but not in the stomach, which has rugae instead. ---
Correct answer: A – Right gastro-omental artery
The greater omentum (epiploic apron) is supplied by the right and left gastro-omental arteries, with the right gastro-omental artery being the main supply. ---
Correct answer: C – Is a band of smooth muscle
The external anal sphincter is composed of striated (skeletal) muscle under voluntary control, not smooth muscle. The internal anal sphincter is smooth muscle. ---
Correct answer: A – Is continuous with the Scarpa's fascia
The deep perineal fascia (Colles' fascia) is continuous with Scarpa's fascia of the anterior abdominal wall, allowing potential spread of extravasated urine. ---
Correct answer: A – The dorsal nerve of the penis supplies the skin of the scrotum
The dorsal nerve of the penis (terminal branch of the pudendal nerve) does supply sensory innervation to the skin of the scrotum, among other structures. --- EMBRYOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT
Correct answer: B – 1st pharyngeal pouch
The 1st pharyngeal pouch is an endodermal structure that forms the tympanic cavity and auditory tube. It is not a source of mesenchyme. All other options contribute mesenchyme to head development. ---