P Value
If the p-value from the statistical test is less than or equal to α (p ≤ 0.05), the null hypothesis (H₀) is rejected — the result is considered statistically significant, meaning the observed effect is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone.
What our notes say
- If the p-value from the statistical test is less than or equal to α (p ≤ 0.05), the null hypothesis (H₀) is rejected — the result is considered statistically significant, meaning the observed effect is unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. (HIT100 ICT Revision Questions & Answers — Past Papers Compilation)
- If the p-value is greater than α (p > 0.05), the null hypothesis is not rejected (failed to reject) — there is insufficient evidence to conclude that a real effect or difference exists. (HIT100 ICT Revision Questions & Answers — Past Papers Compilation)
- Then check assumptions, select the test, state hypotheses, choose the significance level, calculate or obtain the test statistic and p-value, interpret the result in context, and report uncertainty and limitations. (Research Methodology CR Kothari — Past Paper Questions & Answers)
- Hypothesis testing — the process of stating a null hypothesis (H₀), collecting data, computing a test statistic, and deciding whether to reject H₀ based on the p-value. (SPSS Statistical Analysis — HIT100 Course Notes)