Anatomy MCQs — Thorax Study Guide (Part 2 of OmpathStudy

Continued from $1. Thorax Anatomy Study Guide - Questions and Answers Section 1 Question 1: Thoracic skeleton: a) the function of the ribs is primarily to protect the thoracic contents b) each rib articulates with its own thoracic vertebra and the one above c) the tubercle of a typical rib has two facets, the lateral facet being non-articular d) the 2nd to 7th sternocostal joints are synovial type, each with a single cavity e) the body of the sternum usually fuses with the manubrium with advancing age Answer: C --- Question 2: Diaphragm: a) median arcuate ligament is at L1 b) vena caval opening transmits IVC and left phrenic nerve c) oesophageal opening is at T8 d) expiration depends on active contraction of the diaphragm e) the motor supply to the diaphragm is solely from the phrenic nerves Answer: E --- Question 3: With respect to the thoracic wall, which is TRUE? a) intercostal and lumbar arteries pass forward in the neurovascular plane between internal and external oblique b) lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus drains posteriorly to the scapular (post) group of axillary nodes c) division of a single intercostal nerve causes anaesthesia in its supply area d) the thoracoepigastric vein unites the internal thoracic vein and the superficial epigastric vein – connecting IVC and SUC e) venous return follows intercostal and lumbar arteries only Answer: B --- Question 4: The oesophagus passes through the diaphragm at the level of T10 vertebra. It is accompanied by: a) right phrenic nerve b) left phrenic nerve c) oesophageal branch of the right gastric artery d) vagal trunks e) hemiazygous vein Answer: D --- Question 5: The aorta passes through the diaphragm at the level of T12. It is accompanied by: a) azygous vein b) thoracic duct c) hemiazygous vein d) a and b correct e) a, b and c correct Answer: D --- Question 6: The IVC passes through the diaphragm at the level of T8, which is TRUE? a) this occurs to the left of the midline behind the 7th costal cartilage b) the left phrenic nerve accompanies it c) this occurs behind the 8th right costal cartilage d) the right phrenic nerve accompanies it e) it passes between the muscular levels of the diaphragm Answer: D --- Question 7: Accessory muscles of inspiration include all EXCEPT: a) scalene muscles b) latissimus dorsi c) sternocleidomastoid d) quadratus lumborum e) erector spinae Answer: B --- Question 8: With respect to the superior mediastinum, which is FALSE? a) the trachea is separated from the apex of the left lung by the left common carotid and left subclavian b) the SUC and brachiocephalic veins lie anterior to the brachiocephalic trunk c) the vagus nerve (right) lies medial to the right common carotid artery d) the trachea bifurcates at the lower limit of the superior mediastinum e) the thymus lies behind the manubrium Answer: C --- Question 9: With respect to the mediastinum: a) the vagus nerves pass in front of the lung roots b) the phrenic nerves pass behind the lung roots c) the vagus nerves pass behind the lung roots d) the left phrenic passes anterior to the left bronchus and exits the diaphragm through the IVC opening e) the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum Answer: C --- Question 10: With respect to the cardiac plexuses: a) the superficial plexus lies to the right of the ligamentum arteriosum, in front of the tracheal bifurcation, behind the aortic arch b) the deep plexus is smaller and lies in front of the ligamentum arteriosum c) the plexuses consist only of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres d) pain fibres run with sympathetic nerves → sympathetic ganglia (3 cervical and upper 4-5 thoracic ganglia of both sides) e) sympathetic fibres accelerate the heart and constrict the coronary arteries Answer: D --- Question 11: With respect to the heart: a) the inferior (diaphragmatic) surface is made up of one third right ventricle and two thirds left ventricle, separated by the posterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery b) the right border of the heart extends from the lower border of the right 3rd costal cartilage to the lower border of the right 6th costal cartilage c) the posterior surface (base) consists almost entirely of the left atrium receiving the three pulmonary veins d) the left border consists of the left ventricle only e) the right border consists mostly of the right atrium Answer: B --- Question 12: All but which of the following are tributaries of the coronary sinus of the heart? a) the anterior cardiac vein b) the great cardiac vein c) the middle cardiac vein d) the oblique vein (of the LA) e) the posterior vein of the LV Answer: A --- Question 13: The posterior mediastinum contains all but which of the following? a) thoracic aorta b) oesophagus c) accessory hemiazygous vein d) the azygous vein e) the sympathetic trunks Answer: E --- Question 14: With respect to the root of the lung: a) the left pulmonary artery is longer than the right b) the bronchial branch to the upper lob