Aponeurosis Anatomy Question Bank — Pelvis, OmpathStudy

A consolidated Year 1 Anatomy spot-question bank for the Aponeurosis collection, drawn from eight revision papers and one lecture, organised by body region rather than by source paper — pelvis through hand for the lower and upper limbs, plus the vertebral column, skull, breast, and reference figures. Tap any answer to reveal it. Pelvis & Hip Q1: State the anatomical basis of a positive Trendelenburg sign Answer: Weakness or paralysis of the hip abductors, principally gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, on the supporting side The pelvis drops on the unsupported side because the abductors cannot keep it level Common causes include superior gluteal nerve injury or hip disease --- Q2: State two non-neural contents of the lesser sciatic foramen Answer: Internal pudendal vessels Tendon of obturator internus Neural contents for comparison are the pudendal nerve and nerve to obturator internus --- Q3: Name two arterial sources supplying the tagged sciatic nerve Answer: Inferior gluteal artery, historically called the ischiadic artery Longitudinal arterial anastomosis along the sciatic nerve, supplied chiefly by perforating branches of profunda femoris with contributions from the medial circumflex femoral and internal pudendal arteries --- Q4: State the attachment of structure S Answer: S is piriformis Inserts on the superior border/tip of the greater trochanter Originates from the pelvic surface of the sacrum --- Q5: Name the nerve for which the probed landmark is used and state its roots Answer: Pudendal nerve Root value: S2-S4 The ischial spine is a landmark for a pudendal nerve block --- Q6: State two muscles that insert into structure X Answer: Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus maximus X is the iliotibial tract --- Q7: Identify the highlighted vessel Answer: Inferior gluteal artery --- Q8: State two actions of the highlighted muscle Answer: Abducts the thigh at the hip Anterior fibres medially rotate the thigh Stabilizes the pelvis during single-leg stance --- Q9: Identify the highlighted nerve Answer: Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh --- Q10: State the insertion of muscle X and the roots of its supplying nerve Answer: X is quadratus femoris Inserts on the quadrate tubercle and adjacent intertrochanteric crest Nerve to quadratus femoris: L4-S1 --- Q11: Identify A and B Answer: A: ischial tuberosity B: greater trochanter --- Q12: State the innervation of A and B Answer: A, gluteus medius/minimus region: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) B, gluteus maximus: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) --- Q13: List muscles that laterally rotate the thigh at the hip Answer: Piriformis Obturator internus and obturator externus Superior and inferior gemelli Quadratus femoris Gluteus maximus Sartorius --- Q14: Which ligaments convert the sciatic notches into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina? Answer: Sacrotuberous ligament Sacrospinous ligament --- Q15: Why are ventrogluteal injections placed in the highlighted muscle? Answer: The highlighted muscle is gluteus medius The ventrogluteal site provides a thick muscle mass away from the sciatic nerve and major vessels --- Q16: State the root values of the tibial nerve and nerve to obturator internus Answer: Tibial nerve: L4-S3 Nerve to obturator internus: L5-S2 --- Q17: State two suprapiriform contents of the greater sciatic foramen Answer: Superior gluteal nerve Superior gluteal vessels --- Q18: State the anatomical basis of a waddling gait Answer: Bilateral weakness or denervation of the hip abductors, especially gluteus medius and gluteus minimus The trunk shifts from side to side to compensate for pelvic instability --- Q19: All major gluteal muscles are supplied by the superior gluteal nerve except which muscle? Answer: Gluteus maximus, supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve --- Q20: State the landmark of structure A Answer: A is the femoral artery at the mid-inguinal point The mid-inguinal point lies midway between the pubic symphysis and the anterior superior iliac spine --- Q21: State the two neural contents and the vascular contents of the adductor canal Answer: Neural contents: saphenous nerve and nerve to vastus medialis Vascular contents: femoral artery and femoral vein --- Q22: State the pattern of blood supply to the adult femoral head and its clinical implication Answer: The adult femoral head is supplied mainly by retinacular branches, especially from the medial circumflex femoral artery A fracture of the femoral neck can disrupt this retrograde blood supply and cause avascular necrosis of the femoral head --- Q23: Name structures A-C Answer: A: pectineus muscle B: femoral sheath C: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve --- Q24: Side bone X Answer: Right femur --- Q25: State two structures attached to the highlighted region Answer: Straight head of rectus femoris Iliofemoral ligament --- Q26: Name artery A and state the main region it supplies Answer: A: profunda femoris artery Its perforating branches are the principal arterial supply of the posterior thigh --- Q27: Iden