Medical MCQs: Chemical Pathology & Haematology Exam Review

📅 MONDAY: Chemical Pathology + Haematology & Blood Transfusion MCQs 1. Which would be consistent with respiratory alkalosis? A. pH increased; PCO2 normal; Bicarbonate increased B. pH increased; PCO2 decreased; Bicarbonate normal C. pH decreased; PCO2 normal; Bicarbonate decreased D. pH decreased; PCO2 increased; Bicarbonate normal Answer: B. pH increased; PCO2 decreased; Bicarbonate normal 2. Which of the following laboratory results is consistent with primary hypoparathyroidism? A. Low calcium; high inorganic phosphorus (Pi) B. Low calcium; low Pi C. High calcium; high Pi D. High calcium; low Pi Answer: A. Low calcium; high inorganic phosphorus (Pi) 3. Which of the following conditions is associated with hypokalemia? A. Addison's disease B. Hemolytic anemia C. Digoxin intoxication D. Alkalosis Answer: D. Alkalosis 4. Which of the following results falls within the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus? A. Fasting plasma glucose of 6.7 mmol/L B. Two-hour postprandial plasma glucose of 8.9 mmol/L C. Two-hour plasma glucose of 10 mmol/L following a 75g oral glucose challenge D. Random plasma glucose of 13.9 mmol/L and presence of symptoms Answer: D. Random plasma glucose of 13.9 mmol/L and presence of symptoms 5. The modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula for calculating eGFR requires which four parameters? A. Urine creatinine, serum creatinine, height, weight B. Serum creatinine, age, gender, race C. Serum creatinine, height, weight, age D. Urine creatinine, gender, weight, age Answer: B. Serum creatinine, age, gender, race 6. The following conditions cause metabolic alkalosis: A. Excessive antacid ingestion B. Diabetes complications C. Renal failure D. Cardiac disease Answer: A. Excessive antacid ingestion 7. The following are causes of metabolic acidosis EXCEPT: A. Renal failure B. Cardiac failure C. Renal tubular acidosis type IV D. Excessive vomiting Answer: D. Excessive vomiting Explanation: Excessive vomiting causes metabolic alkalosis. Renal failure, cardiac failure (lactic acidosis) and type IV RTA all cause metabolic acidosis. 8. The following are causes of respiratory alkalosis EXCEPT: A. Salicylate poisoning B. Hysterical over breathing C. Chronic lung disease D. Protracted vomiting Answer: D. Protracted vomiting 9. Fluoride is the anticoagulant used in testing blood for: A. Blood sugar B. Coagulation C. Electrolyte D. CBC Answer: A. Blood sugar 10. Regarding the regulation of water excretion, all the following statements are true EXCEPT: A. In the presence of ADH, the collecting duct becomes permeable to water B. In the absence of ADH, the distal nephron is almost impermeable to water C. ADH binds to V2 receptors in the distal nephron to enhance the passive movement of water D. In the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle, sodium and chloride are preferably absorbed without water and hence called the Diluting segment Answer: not marked in script 11. Which of the following is the preferable site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in an adult? A. Iliac crest B. Sternum C. Tibia D. Spinous processes of a vertebra E. Spinal column Answer: A. Iliac crest 12. RBC indices obtained on an anemic patient are as follows: MCV 88 fL; MCH 30 pg; MCHC 34%. The RBCs on the peripheral smear would appear: A. Microcytic, hypochromic B. Microcytic, normochromic C. Normocytic, normochromic D. Normocytic, hypochromic E. Macrocytic hyperchromic Answer: C. Normocytic, normochromic 13. Which condition will shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? A. Acidosis B. Alkalosis C. Multiple blood transfusions D. Low atmospheric oxygen E. Increased quantities of hemoglobin C Answer: A. Acidosis 14. Which of the following Hemoglobin molecule configurations is characteristic of Hb H? A. α4 B. γ4 C. α2-γ2 D. β4 E. α2-β2 Answer: D. β4 15. Select the amino acid substitution that is responsible for sickle cell anemia. A. Lysine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the α-chain B. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the β-chain C. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the α-chain D. Lysine is substituted for glutamic acid in the sixth position of the β-chain E. Glutamine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the β-chain Answer: B. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the β-chain 16. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is characterized by: A. Target cells B. Toxic granulation C. Pappenheimer bodies D. Microcytic red cells E. Schistocytes Answer: E. Schistocytes 17. Which antibiotic(s) is (are) commonly implicated in the development of aplastic anemia? A. Sulfonamides B. Penicillin C. Tetracycline D. Ceftriaxone E. Chloramphenicol Answer: E. Chloramphenicol 18. One of the following is a characteristic feature of autoimmune hemolytic anaemia: A. Presence of sickle cells in the peripheral blood film B. Positive direct antiglobulin test C. Target cells in the peripheral blood film D.