Medical MCQs: Chemical Pathology & OmpathStudy

📅 MONDAY: Chemical Pathology + Haematology & Blood Transfusion MCQs 1. Which would be consistent with respiratory alkalosis? a. pH increased; PCO2 normal; Bicarbonate increased b. pH increased; PCO2 decreased; Bicarbonate normal c. pH decreased; PCO2 normal; Bicarbonate decreased d. pH decreased; PCO2 increased; Bicarbonate normal Answer: b 2. Which of the following laboratory results is consistent with primary hypoparathyroidism? a. Low calcium; high inorganic phosphorus (Pi) b. Low calcium; low Pi c. High calcium; high Pi d. High calcium; low Pi Answer: a 3. Which of the following conditions is associated with hypokalemia? a. Addison's disease b. Hemolytic anemia c. Digoxin intoxication d. Alkalosis Answer: d 4. Which of the following results falls within the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus? a. Fasting plasma glucose of 6.7 mmol/L b. Two-hour postprandial plasma glucose of 8.9 mmol/L c. Two-hour plasma glucose of 10 mmol/L following a 75g oral glucose challenge d. Random plasma glucose of 13.9 mmol/L and presence of symptoms Answer: d 5. The modification of diet in renal disease (MDR D) formula for calculating eGFR requires which four parameters? a. Urine creatinine, serum creatinine, height, weight b. Serum creatinine, age, gender, race c. Serum creatinine, height, weight, age d. Urine creatinine, gender, weight, age Answer: b 6. The following conditions cause metabolic alkalosis: a. Excessive antacid ingestion b. Diabetes complications c. Renal failure d. Cardiac disease Answer: a 7. The following are causes of metabolic acidosis EXCEPT: a. Renal failure b. Cardiac failure c. Renal tubular acidosis type IV d. Excessive vomiting Answer: b 8. The following are causes of respiratory alkalosis EXCEPT: a. Salicylate poisoning b. Hysterical over breathing c. Chronic lung disease d. Protracted vomiting Answer: d 9. Fluoride is the anticoagulant used in testing blood for: a. Blood sugar b. Coagulation c. Electrolyte d. CBC Answer: a 10. Regarding the regulation of water excretion, all the following statements are true EXCEPT: a. In the presence of ADH, the collecting duct becomes permeable to water b. In the absence of ADH, the distal nephron is almost impermeable to water c. ADH binds to V2 receptors in the distal nephron to enhance the passive movement of water d. In the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle, sodium and chloride are preferably absorbed without water and hence called the Diluting segment Answer: not marked in script 11. Which of the following is the preferable site for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in an adult? a. Iliac crest b. Sternum c. Tibia d. Spinous processes of a vertebra e. Spinal column Answer: a 12. RBC indices obtained on an anemic patient are as follows: MCV 88 fL; MCH 30 pg; MCHC 34%. The RBCs on the peripheral smear would appear: a. Microcytic, hypochromic b. Microcytic, normochromic c. Normocytic, normochromic d. Normocytic, hypochromic e. Macrocytic hyperchromic Answer: c 13. Which condition will shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right? a. Acidosis b. Alkalosis c. Multiple blood transfusions d. Low atmospheric oxygen e. Increased quantities of hemoglobin C Answer: a 14. Which of the following Hemoglobin molecule configurations is characteristic of Hb H? a. α4 b. γ4 c. α2-γ2 d. β4 e. α2-β2 Answer: d 15. Select the amino acid substitution that is responsible for sickle cell anemia. a. Lysine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the α-chain b. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the β-chain c. Valine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the α-chain d. Lysine is substituted for glutamic acid in the sixth position of the β-chain e. Glutamine is substituted for glutamic acid at the sixth position of the β-chain Answer: b 16. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia is characterized by: a. Target cells b. Toxic granulation c. Pappenheimer bodies d. Microcytic red cells e. Schistocytes Answer: e 17. Which antibiotic(s) is (are) commonly implicated in the development of aplastic anemia? a. Sulfonamides b. Penicillin c. Tetracycline d. Ceftriaxone e. Chloramphenicol Answer: e 18. One of the following is a characteristic feature of autoimmune hemolytic anaemia: a. Presence of sickle cells in the peripheral blood film b. Positive direct antiglobulin test c. Target cells in the peripheral blood film d. Decreased osmotic fragility e. Decreased unconjugated bilirubin Answer: b 19. Which anemia is characterized by a lack of intrinsic factor that prevents B12 absorption? a. Tropical sprue b. Transcobalamin deficiency c. Blind loop syndrome d. Pernicious anemia e. Hemolytic anemia Answer: d 20. Neutrophil changes noted in response to infection (reactive neutrophil changes) include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Neutrophilia b. Pelgeroid hyposegmentation c. Dohle bodies d. Toxic granulation e. Vacuolization Answer: b 21. Which type of anemia is usually present in a patient with acute leukemia? a. Micr