Physio Y1 End-of-Year 2021 — Past Paper OmpathStudy

Physio Y1 EOY 2021 — Complete Question Paper\n\n University of Nairobi Level 1 Medical Physiology end-of-year exam, 2021. All 150 questions transcribed from 12 source pages. No answer key was present in the source — answer letters previously shown on some questions were AI-generated guesses, not verified answers, and have been removed. Verify against your course material. \n\n## 1. Select one: 1.00 a. Acting as a "relaxing protein" at rest by covering up the sites where myosin binds to actin. B. Releasing Ca2+ after initiation of contraction. C. Binding to myosing during contraction. D. Sliding on actin to produce shortening. E. Generating ATP, which it passes to the contractile mechanism. 2. system: 1.00 Select one: A. Commensals found on skin, oral mucosa, conjunctiva and gastrointestinal mucosa B. HIV 1 measuring 120 nm which is about 60 times smaller than a red blood cell C. Roundworm in the gastrointestinal mucosa D. SARS-CoV-2 virus which measures between 50–200 nm diameter E. Bacteria, archaea and fungi 3. Select one: 1.00 a. May be reduced in chronic renal failure. B. It takes place normally in the bone marrow of long bones during adult life. C. May be stimulated by reduction in arterial O2 content. D. May slow down following gastrectomy. E. NONE of the above 4. . Figure 2 showing the weight of 21 subjects suggests: A. Negative skewing is observed B. The lightest and heaviest subjects are within the normal distribution C. The interquartile range is 25 kilograms D. The subject weighing 143 kilograms is an outlier E. The median weight is 100 kilograms 5. Select one: 1.00 a. Neutrophils B. Dendritic cell C. Natural killer cells D. Mast cells E. Macrophages 6. Select one: 1.00 a. are not part of any second messenger cascade B. do not amplify the signal C. are the proteins in the signal transduction pathway D. do not convert information from one form to another E. are never protein kinases 7. pain. This is because 1.00 Select one: A. they interact with specific opioid receptor proteins to produce their effects. B. they are found in very high concentrations at nociceptive (pain related) synapses. C. they interact with morphine. D. they have special membrane channels that let them through the post-synaptic cells. E. they are small enough to directly enter post-synaptic membranes. 8. Select one: 1.00 a. there is chemical transmission between neighbouring cells. B. there is cytoplasmic continuity between neighbouring cells. C. each cell is innervated by autonomic axons. D. the tissue is arranged in a large sheet E. there are areas of membrane fusion between neighbouring cells. 9. Select one: 1.00 a. Lymph nodes B. Bone marrow C. Spleen D. Liver E. Yolk sac 10. Select one: 1.00 a. Innervated by fast motor units resistant to fatigue B. Moderate oxidative capacity C. Called fast oxidative, glycolytic fibers D. Have fast myosin ATPase activity E. Have high myoglobin 11. Select one: 1.00 a. The common myeloid progenitor produces plasma cells B. Natural killers cells arise directly from the common lymphoid progenitor C. Mast cells mature in the thymus after leaving the bone marrow D. T lymphocytes differentiate in the germinal centre of lymph nodes E. Thymocytes express either CD4 or CD8 on entering the thymic cortex 12. Select one: 1.00 a. Endoplasmic Reticulum B. The centrosome C. microtubules D. intermediate filaments E. microfilaments 13. activated. All of the following will happen EXCEPT 1.00 Select one: A. Increased binding of Ca++ to calmodulin will occur B. Inositol trisphosphate will cause the release of Ca++ from the endoplasmic reticulum C. Protein kinase activity will be decreased D. Increased Ca++-calmodulin will bind to and activate calmodulin-binding proteins E. Protein kinase C will be activated by increased diacylglycerol 14. Select one: 1.00 a. packaged in large synaptic vesicles. B. soluble gases that freely cross lipid membranes. C. neuropeptides that are synthesized in synaptic terminals. D. packaged in small synaptic vesicles. E. made in the soma, packaged in small synaptic vesicles and transported down axons. 15. neurons? 1.00 Select one: A. the neurotransmitter contained in the synaptic vesicles. B. the post-synaptic receptors. C. the concentration of calcium ions reached in presynaptic terminals. D. the size of the action potential. E. the size of the synaptic vesicles. 16. normally called: 1.00 Select one: A. an action potential. B. an EPSP. C. an IPSP. D. a graded inhibitory potential. E. hyperpolarization. 17. Select one: 1.00 a. None of the above B. Counter transport is transporting 2 molecules in the same direction. C. Facilitated diffusion is an active process. D. Ions pass freely through protein channels. E. Na+-k+ pump is an example of secondary active transport. 18. sound or light) into action potentials. Anything that converts one energy form into another like this is called a(n) A. generator B. adapter C. encoder D. transmitter E. transducer 19. Select one: 1.00 a. The controlle