Endocrine MCQs: Metabolic Pathology Practice Questions

These multiple-choice questions have been sourced from previous Endocrine examination papers, providing a comprehensive review of key topics in the field. Best of luck in your studies and exam preparation The only hormone that promotes the anabolism (building up) of glycogen, fats, and proteins is: A) GH B) Insulin C) Cortisol Answer: B) Insulin When a hormone that uses a second messenger binds to a target cell, the next thing that happens is that: A) Phosphodiesterase is activated B) A protein kinase is formed C) A gene is activated D) Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a G protein E) Voltage-regulated ion channels open in the cell membrane Answer: D) Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a G protein Most hormones that use a second messenger (cyclic AMP) are: A) Enzymes B) Proteins C) Steroids D) Nucleic acids E) Cholesteryl esters Answer: B) Proteins When a steroid hormone binds to its target cell receptor, it: A) Causes the formation of cyclic AMP B) Is converted into cholesterol, which acts as a second messenger C) Causes formation of IP3 D) Causes the formation of releasing hormones E) Turns specific genes of the nuclear DNA on or off Answer: E) Turns specific genes of the nuclear DNA on or off Blood glucose is raised by all of the following EXCEPT: A) Glucagon B) GH C) Epinephrine D) Cortisol E) Insulin Answer: E) Insulin The milk ejection reflex is an important effect of: A) Prolactin B) Estrogen C) Progesterone D) Oxytocin E) FSH Answer: D) Oxytocin Thyroglobulin is: A) The major component of colloid inside follicles B) Another name for thyroid hormone C) The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormones D) The protein that transports thyroxine in the blood E) The protein that transports TSH to the thyroid gland Answer: A) The major component of colloid inside follicles If levels of PTH are high, one would expect to see: A) Increased osteoblast activity B) Increased excretion of calcium ions in urine C) Increased excretion of phosphate ions in urine D) Decreased calcium concentration of the blood E) A and D are both correct Answer: C) Increased excretion of phosphate ions in urine Exophthalmos of the eyes is a characteristic sign of: A) Myxedema B) Cretinism C) Graves' disease D) Acromegaly E) Cushing's disease Answer: C) Graves' disease Levels of ACTH are high in Addison's disease because: A) Levels of glucocorticoids are low B) Levels of glucocorticoids are high C) Excessive water is being lost with sodium ions D) There is a tumor of the corticotrophs in the adenohypophysis E) All the above Answer: A) Levels of glucocorticoids are low Destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas results in: A) Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent) B) Type II diabetes C) Hyperglycemia D) Insulin resistance E) None of the above Answer: A) Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent) What neurotransmitter is associated with runner’s high? A) GABA B) Dopamine C) Endorphins D) Acetylcholine E) Norepinephrine Answer: C) Endorphins What neurotransmitter is associated with anxiety disorders? A) GABA B) Dopamine C) Glutamate D) Acetylcholine E) Serotonin Answer: A) GABA Where do neurons store the genetic information they use to code and build all the proteins required for their functions? A) In the axon B) In the endoplasmic reticulum C) In the nucleus D) In the synapse E) In the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) Answer: C) In the nucleus The secretin challenge provocative test is for diagnosis of: A) Myxedema B) Hyperpituitarism C) Hypergastrinemia D) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome E) None of the above Answer: D) Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Lipase and amylase are used for diagnosis of: A) Cardiomyopathy B) Nephritis C) Pancreatitis D) Gastritis E) None of the above Answer: C) Pancreatitis The renal response to acidosis is: A) Increased potassium excretion B) Decreased excretion of HPO C) Increased production of ammonia D) Increased production of HPO E) None of the above Answer: C) Increased production of ammonia Which of the following can increase secretin release by stimulation of gastric acid secretion? A) Alcohol B) Water C) Excessive gas D) Bile juice E) None of the above Answer: A) Alcohol Patients who show an increased response of gastric inhibitory polypeptide to glucose might have the following except: A) Cystic fibrosis B) Pancreatitis C) Duodenal ulcers D) Infection with Helicobacter pylori E) None of the above Answer: C) Duodenal ulcers Which of the following increases and then inhibits secretion of pancreatic enzymes? A) Motilin B) Glucagon C) Pancreatic polypeptide D) Pepsin E) None of the above Answer: A) Motilin Which enzyme is found at normal levels in hepatic jaundice but high levels in renal disease? A) Trypsin B) Alpha-trypsin C) Trypsinogen D) Amylase E) None of the above Answer: D) Amylase The most reliable single test in diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is: A) Meconium ileus B) Blocked respiratory tract C) Thick mucus D) Sweat test E) None of the above Answer: D) Sweat test Which of the following is NOT elevated in cho