Endocrine and Metabolic Pathology MCQs — MCQ OmpathStudy

38. The amino acid, tyrosine, has 4 iodines attached to the ring structures. What is the correct name of this hormone? A) Triiodothyronine B) Tetrahydrogenous C) Tetraiodothyronine D) Calcitonin E) Tetraiodotyrosine Correct Answer: C) Tetraiodothyronine 39. Select the correct disorder for these symptoms: salt craving; high K; hypotension; hypoglycemia; collapse due to stress A) Diabetes, Type I B) Cushing's disease (syndrome) C) Diabetes insipidus D) Addison's Disease (hypoadrenalism) Correct Answer: D) Addison's Disease (hypoadrenalism) 40. When a hormone name ends in "tropic," what does this mean? A) The hormone stimulates the metabolism of the cell it contacts B) It means the hormone affects another "target" endocrine gland C) It means the hormone always enters the cell and turns on and off portions of the cell's DNA D) It means it is a posterior pituitary hormone E) The hormone is tropically supplied during medication Correct Answer: B) It means the hormone affects another "target" endocrine gland 24. The primary target for glucagon is the: A) Liver B) Hypothalamus C) Adrenal cortex D) Pancreas E) Kidney Correct Answer: A) Liver 25. The islets of Langerhans are the endocrine portion of the: A) Adrenal medulla B) Anterior pituitary C) Posterior pituitary D) Pancreas E) Thyroid Correct Answer: D) Pancreas 26. The only hormone that promotes the anabolism (building up) of glycogen, fats, and proteins is: A) GH B) Insulin C) Epinephrine D) Aldosterone E) Cortisol Correct Answer: B) Insulin 27. When a hormone that uses a second messenger binds to a target cell, the next thing that happens is that: A) Phosphodiesterase is activated B) A protein kinase is formed C) A gene is activated in the nucleus D) Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a G protein E) Voltage-regulated ion channels open in the cell membrane Correct Answer: D) Adenylyl cyclase is activated by a G protein 28. When a steroid hormone binds to its target cell receptor, it: A) Causes the formation of cyclic-AMP B) Is converted into cholesterol, which acts as a second messenger C) Causes formation of IP3 D) Causes the formation of releasing hormones E) Turns specific genes of the nuclear DNA on or off Correct Answer: E) Turns specific genes of the nuclear DNA on or off 29. Thyroglobulin is: A) The major component of colloid inside follicles B) Another name for thyroid hormone C) The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormones D) The protein that transports thyroid hormones in the blood E) The protein that transports TSH to the thyroid gland Correct Answer: A) The major component of colloid inside follicles 30. Long-term therapy with steroid drugs, such as cortisone, can cause osteoporosis and muscle wasting because: A) Increased blood glucose B) Increased protein breakdown C) Amino acid derivatives D) Proteins E) Hydrophobic Correct Answer: B) Increased protein breakdown 31. All of the following are true about cortisol EXCEPT: A) It is found in the blood bound to steroid hormone-binding globulin B) Its receptors form dimers after binding C) Its activated receptors bind to glucocorticoid response elements D) The glucocorticoid response elements phosphorylate control enzymes E) It is found in the blood bound to albumin Correct Answer: D) The glucocorticoid response elements phosphorylate control enzymes 32. Concerning hormones that bind to receptors on the outer surface of the cell membrane, all of the following are true EXCEPT: A) When hormones bind, the conformation of the receptor changes B) Some receptors are carbohydrates C) When hormones bind, the new conformation allows the receptor to react with another protein D) Eventually, the rate of control enzymes are affected E) Eventually, the transcription rates of specific mRNAs are affected Correct Answer: B) Some receptors are carbohydrates 33. Signal transducer proteins: A) Are the proteins in the signal transduction pathway B) Do not convert information from one form to another C) Do not amplify the signal D) Are not part of any second messenger cascade E) Are never protein kinases Correct Answer: A) Are the proteins in the signal transduction pathway 34. All of the following are true in the Ras and MAP pathway EXCEPT: A) The occupied growth factor receptor autophosphorylates serine residues B) Grb2 uses its Src homology domain to bind to the phosphorylated receptor C) Grb2 changes conformation and binds to the next protein (SOS) in the signal transduction pathway D) Ras exchanges GDP for GTP and activates Raf, the first kinase in the MAP kinase pathway E) The MAP kinase pathway regulates transcription factors that regulate mRNA synthesis Correct Answer: A) The occupied growth factor receptor autophosphorylates serine residues 35. All of the following are functions served by the phosphatidylinositol phosphates EXCEPT: A) Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate can be hydrolyzed to produce diacylglycerol, a second messenger B) Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate can be hydrolyzed to produce inositol tr