General & Systemic Pathology Exam: MBChB OmpathStudy

--- MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2025/2026 Medical School Department of Pathology Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) End of Year Examination — Year Three --- UNIT CODE: MBPA 3500 UNIT TITLE: GENERAL & SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY PAPER TWO Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 100 Instructions: Section A: Answer ANY 10 questions (10 marks each) Section B: Answer ANY 3 questions (20 marks each) Write clearly and legibly Begin each answer on a new page Indicate your registration number only — do not write your name --- SECTION A — SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Answer ANY 10 questions. Each question carries 10 marks. --- Question 1 Discuss the pathogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, including the mechanism of action of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins. --- Question 2 Give an outline of the classification of ovarian neoplasms with examples of each category. --- Question 3 Compare and contrast Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus under the following headings: Aetiology Pathogenesis Clinical features --- Question 4 Discuss the pathophysiological categories of oedema, giving an example of each. --- Question 5 Describe the immune mechanisms involved in glomerular injury. --- Question 6 Outline the major risk factors for atherosclerosis, distinguishing between modifiable and non-modifiable factors. --- Question 7 Discuss the aetiology, pathogenesis, and morphology of liver cirrhosis. --- Question 8 Classify chemical carcinogenic agents, giving examples of each class and the cancers they are associated with. --- Question 9 Compare and contrast autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns, giving two examples of disorders for each. --- Question 10 Describe the stages and biological processes involved in fracture healing, including the role of callus formation. --- Question 11 Give an outline of the aetiology, characteristics, and examples of the major categories of diarrhoeal illness. --- Question 12 Write short notes on Rheumatic Heart Disease under the following headings: Aetiology and pathogenesis Morphological changes Complications --- Question 13 Outline the classification of vasculitis based on vessel size, giving one example and its key features for each category. --- Question 14 Discuss the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia/toxaemia of pregnancy, including its effects on maternal organ systems. --- SECTION B — LONG ESSAY QUESTIONS Answer ANY 3 questions. Each question carries 20 marks. --- Question 1 Discuss cervical carcinoma under the following headings: a) Risk factors b) Aetiology c) Pathogenesis d) Morphological changes e) Clinical features and staging (20 Marks) --- Question 2 Discuss the three major pathways of breast cancer development and their resultant immunohistochemical staining patterns, including the clinical and prognostic significance of each pathway. (20 Marks) --- Question 3 Discuss the following aspects of acute inflammation: a) Cellular events in acute inflammation b) Cell-derived mediators of inflammation c) Plasma-derived mediators of inflammation d) Local and systemic effects of acute inflammation (20 Marks) --- Question 4 Discuss Tuberculosis under the following headings: a) Pathogenesis b) Morphological events (primary and secondary) c) Clinical presentation and complications (20 Marks) --- Question 5 Discuss the pathogenesis and morphological events in the development of atherosclerosis, including its major complications — myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. (20 Marks) --- Question 6 Compare wound healing by primary and secondary intention under the following headings: a) Mechanism and stages of each b) Factors affecting wound healing c) Complications of wound healing (20 Marks) --- --- MOUNT KENYA UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 2025/2026 Medical School Department of Haematology Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) End of Year Examination — Year Three --- UNIT CODE: MBML 3200 UNIT TITLE: HAEMATOLOGY Time: 3 Hours Total Marks: 100 Instructions: Section A: MCQs — Answer ALL (40 marks) Section B: Short Answer Questions — Answer ANY 7 (42 marks) Section C: Long Essay — Answer ANY 1 (18 marks) Write clearly and legibly Indicate your registration number only — do not write your name --- SECTION B — SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (Clinical Vignette Style) Answer ANY 7 questions. --- Question 1 A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, early satiety, and massive splenomegaly. Full blood count shows WBC 120×10⁹/L with neutrophilia, left shift, and prominent basophilia. a) What is the most likely diagnosis? (1 mark) b) Outline the laboratory investigations you would request to confirm this diagnosis, stating the expected findings for each. (9 marks) --- Question 2 A 32-year-old woman with a history of heavy menstrual bleeding presents with progressive fatigue, pallor, and pica. a) What is the most likely diagnosis? (1 mark) b) State three clinical signs you would expect to find on examination. (3 marks) c) List four confirmatory l