Anatomy Must-Know — Lower Limb MCQs, Section OmpathStudy

Continued from $1. Section 4 Questions Question 1 Gluteus maximus: A) Superficial muscle of buttock characterized by small fibre size B) 90% of muscle inserts into upper end of iliotibial tract C) Four bursae lie beneath the muscle D) Shared common nerve supply with gluteus medius E) Blood supply from both superior and inferior gluteal artery Answer: E Explanation: Gluteus maximus receives blood supply from both the superior and inferior gluteal arteries. It has large (not small) muscle fibers, about 75% (not 90%) inserts into the iliotibial tract, it has three (not four) bursae beneath it, and it's supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve (while medius is supplied by superior gluteal). --- Question 2 Piriformis is the key to gluteal region. Which relation is not TRUE? A) In buttock, lower border lies alongside superior gemellus B) Converges to tendon and inserts on upper border of greater trochanter C) Emerges through greater sciatic foramen with superior gluteal nerve and vessel above it D) Emerges through the greater sciatic foramen with pudendal nerve and vessels deep to it E) Emerges through greater sciatic foramen with sciatic nerve on its surface Answer: D Explanation: The pudendal nerve and vessels pass SUPERFICIAL to (not deep to) piriformis in the gluteal region before hooking around the sacrospinous ligament. Structures above piriformis: superior gluteal nerve and vessels. Structures below: inferior gluteal vessels, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, pudendal vessels and nerve. --- Question 3 Of the hip joint ligaments and capsule: A) Capsule attaches circumferentially to neck of femur at anterior trochanteric line B) Retinacular fibres of capsule bind down nutrient vessels from cruciate anastomosis C) Iliofemoral ligament becomes taut on medial rotation and extension D) All three ligaments attach to capsule and completely enclose joint E) Psoas major tendon separates capsule from femoral nerve Answer: C Explanation: The iliofemoral ligament becomes taut in extension and lateral rotation (or medial rotation depending on fiber orientation). The capsule attaches to the intertrochanteric line anteriorly but posteriorly only covers the medial two-thirds of the neck. Psoas separates the capsule from the femoral artery (not nerve). --- Question 4 Superficial cutaneous nerves supplying the thigh include the following EXCEPT: A) Ilioinguinal nerve B) Saphenous nerve C) Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve D) Medial femoral cutaneous nerve E) Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve Answer: B Explanation: While the saphenous nerve does supply skin, it's primarily a nerve of the LEG (medial leg and foot), not the thigh. The other nerves listed all provide cutaneous innervation to thigh skin. --- Question 5 The flexor compartment of the thigh contains which of the following muscles? A) Gluteus maximus B) Adductor magnus C) Gracilis D) Semimembranosus E) Rectus femoris Answer: D Explanation: Semimembranosus is in the posterior (flexor/hamstring) compartment of the thigh. Gluteus maximus is in the gluteal region, adductor magnus and gracilis are in the medial compartment, and rectus femoris is in the anterior (extensor) compartment. --- Question 6 Which of the following is true of the great saphenous vein? A) It passes posterior to the medial malleolus B) It runs behind the lateral border of the tibia C) It passes through the cribriform fascia covering the saphenous opening below the inguinal ligament D) It joins the femoral vein from the anterolateral side E) It has no tributaries Answer: C Explanation: The great saphenous vein pierces the cribriform fascia (thin perforated fascia) in the saphenous opening to join the femoral vein. It passes ANTERIOR to the medial malleolus, runs along the medial (not lateral) border of the tibia, joins the femoral vein from the anteromedial side, and has multiple tributaries. --- Question 7 Which is not an origin of vastus lateralis? A) Upper half of the intertrochanteric line B) Aponeurosis of tensor fascia lata C) Lateral lip of the linea aspera D) Upper two thirds of the lateral supracondylar line of femur E) Lateral intermuscular septum Answer: B Explanation: Vastus lateralis does NOT arise from the aponeurosis of tensor fasciae latae. It arises from the intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line, and lateral intermuscular septum. --- Question 8 Regarding the adductor canal: A) It contains the nerve to vastus intermedius B) Contents leave by piercing adductor longus C) The femoral artery is always between the saphenous nerve and femoral vein in the thigh D) Below the adductor hiatus, the canal is occupied by the saphenous nerve and the descending genicular artery E) At the adductor hiatus, the femoral vein is medial to the artery Answer: C Explanation: Throughout the adductor canal, the femoral artery lies between the saphenous nerve (lateral/anterior) and the femoral vein (medial/pos