Medical Physiology Assorted SAQs — Set 2 OmpathStudy

Medical Physiology Assorted SAQs — Set 2 (Past Paper) 100 short-answer/essay questions assorted from different Medical Physiology past papers, MBChB/BPharm. Scanned original, reproduced as page images — questions only. --- PHYSIOLOGY ASSORTED SAQ'S FROM DIFFERENT PAST PAPERS FOR MBCHB AND BPHARM WHEN TWO WEEKS OLD,WITH ALL THE FONTANELLES STILL OPEN,SURVIVING WITH ONLY A KYHOTIC CURVE.THE JOURNEY SEEMED SO FAR BUT YET NOW IT'S CLOSER THAN I IMAGINED IT WOULD EVER BE. WITH ALL GLORY AND HONOUR BE UNTO GOD FOR HIS GREATNESS AND FAITHFULNESS. (jeremiah 29:11) 1. With a diagram describe the different components of a negative feedback system. 2. Briefly describe two different modes of fluid movements between body fluid compartments. 3. State five functional differences between parasympathetic and sympathetic sympathetic nervous systems. 4. Describe how steroid hormones stimulate protein synthesis. 5. In relation to sensory physiology,describe adaptation,law of specific nerve energies and law of projection. 6. Explain the difference between end plate potential, inhibitory post synaptic potential and excitatory postsynaptic potential. For each give the neurotransmitter involved. 7. List the different tyes of transport mechanisms across the cell membrane and an example of each. 8. With a dagram show five cell organelles and the function of each. 9. Briefly define axoplasmic flow and the proteins involved in their transport. 10. Describe the role of voltage gated action potentials (potassium and sodium) 11. Describe the replicative stage of HIV-1 12. Explain how the normal range is calculated (95%confidence interval) 13. Describe the cyclic Amp signal pathway. 14. Describe five properties of cell membrane receptors. 15. Explain how the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane is created. 16. Explain the inhibitory post-synaptic potentials and their ionic basis. 17. Explain excitatory post synaptic potentials and their ionic basis. 18. What is the fate of neurotransmitter after release? 19. Describe the functions of golgi apparatus. 20. Describe the functions of mitochondria. 21. Describe the benefits of pentose phosphate pathway to a cell. 22. Explain synthesis of acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter 23. List th major structural components of a cell membrane and illustrate how they are organized. 24. Name the six steps of signalling events initiated by cell membrane receptors. 25. Describe five types of receptors in a mammalian cell. 26. Explain how t-RNAperforms its role in protein elongation . 27. Eplain how antibiotic selectivity inhibirs mitosis in bacteria while sparing mammalia cell i vivo. 28. What modalities are carried by the following sensory afferent peripheral nerves.9(A alpha,A beta, A gamma, A delta ,B, C) 29. Describe the sequence and functions of voltage gated sodium, and potassium channels during an action potential. 30. Differentiate between action potential,inhibitory post-synaptic potential,excitatory post-synaptic potential,receptor potential and generator potential. 31. What is the difference between the reflex muscle function elicited by stimulation of (a) A muscle own muscle spindle afferents (b) The muscle own golgi tendon afferents. 32. Describe the different body fluid compartments and their different body fluid compartments. 33. With a diagram ,illustrate the different stages of chemical synaptic transmission. 34. Write an essay of homoeostasis under the following tittles: (a) Life and its characteristics. (b) Concept of internal environment. (c) Definition of homoeostasis and homoedynamism. (d) Typical physiological control model and its components. (e) Difference between open and closed control loop giving examples. (f) Diagrammatic examples of negative feedback control,positive feedback control,adaptive feedback control and feed forward control. 35. Discuss the similarities and differences between propagated and non-propagated action potentials. 36. Discuss second messengers under the following topics: (a) Define second messengers concept (b) Name five second messengers and the ligands that are associated with their pathway. (c) Describe how three second messengers work in target cells. 37. Discuss protein synthesis under the following topics: (a) Initiation . (b) Transcrition and posttranscriptional modification. (c)Translation and posttranslational modification. 38. Discuss the hormonal control of blood glucose metabolism. 39. Define the term reflex and the components of a reflex arc. Giving examples. 40. List the functions of the Cardiovascular system. 41. Write an essay on erythropoiesis. 42. Write an essay on hemoglobin under the following headings (a) Structure and types (b) Synthesis and breakdown (c) Transport and associated clinical manifestations of hemoglobin 43. Discuss the innate and adaptive immunity in response to antigen response. 44. Discuss the physiology of skeletal muscle under the following subheadings: (a) Composition and structure of a sarcomere. (b) Exci