Medical Physiology End of Semester 1 Exam — OmpathStudy

Medical Physiology End of Semester 1 Exam — March 2019 (Past Paper) HMP 100/UPC 103/VMP 100 Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi First Year End of Semester Examinations, 2018/2019 academic year. Sat Wednesday, 13 March 2019, 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m. Full paper: Section A (40 MCQs), Section B (12 short answer questions), Section C (5 essay questions). Questions only — no answer key. --- Instructions: Section A consists of forty (40) multiple choice questions. Each question has a common stem giving rise to five choices — select only ONE correct or best choice. Section B consists of twelve (12) short answer questions — answer ALL. Section C consists of five (5) essay questions — answer only ONE. --- Section A: Multiple Choice Questions 1. The optimal condition that exists within the body is called: a) The extra-cellular space b) The intra-cellular space c) Homeostasis d) The internal environment e) None of the above 2. In the theoretical physiological control model, the controlled variable: a) Remains completely constant b) Is a measurable entity c) Is always measured d) Is the input to the controlled system e) Is the same as the forcing functions 3. In a positive feedback control system, the variable: a) Rises continuously b) Falls then rises c) Rises until the system breaks down d) Falls continuously e) Rises until the system "cuts off" 4. In a negative feedback control system, the controlled variable: a) Must have a set point b) Need not have a set point c) Is always anatomically direct from the controlled system d) Is directly affected by external factors e) Is located in the cervical nervous system 5. The controlled system changes its characteristics in response to demand of the controlled variable in which type of controlled system: a) Open loop b) Negative feedback c) Positive feedback d) Adaptive e) Feed forward 6. The difference between intravascular volume and intravascular fluid quantity is approximately: a) 5 L b) 3.5 L c) 1.5 L d) 2.5 L e) There is no differential 7. The main factor that allows entry of water into cells is: a) Filtration b) Osmosis c) Diffusion d) Active transport e) Pinocytosis 8. Transcellular space measures about: a) 42 L b) 28 L c) 10.5 L d) 3.5 L e) 1 L 9. An adult man loses this much water in 24 hours: a) 0.5 L b) 1.0 L c) 1.5 L d) 2.0 L e) 3.0 L 10. Which of the following accounts for the largest amount of water that is lost daily from an adult male? a) Urine b) Sweating c) Faeces d) Respiratory losses e) Insensible skin loss 11. Which one of the following statements is NOT CORRECT? a) Vesicular transport is an active method of membrane transport b) Most cells use fatty acids to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) c) Exocytosis enables selected carriers, channels, or receptors to be added to the cell membrane d) Cells exchange Na⁺ and H⁺ by means of antiport e) Pinocytosis refers to nonselective uptake of a sample of ECF 12. Select one of the following statements that is NOT CORRECT: a) In the cell membrane, phospholipids are held together by strong chemical bonds b) In the cell membrane, cholesterol molecules prevent fatty acid chains from packing together and crystallizing c) Cell membrane integral proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer d) Peripheral proteins are found more commonly on the inner than on the outer surface of the cell membrane e) Carbohydrates play an important role in "self-recognition" processes 13. Which one among the following statements is NOT CORRECT? a) Ions move across the cell membrane along an electrical gradient passively b) Aquaporins greatly increase membrane permeability to water c) Carriers are never open to both the ECF and the ICF simultaneously d) 5 million ions may pass through an open channel in 1 second e) Histamine functions as an endocrine, a neurocrine, and as a paracrine 14. Select one of the following statements that is NOT CORRECT: a) Microtubules are the smallest cytoplasmic cytoskeletal components b) Fibronectin promotes cell adhesion and holds cells in position c) Desmosomes are the strongest cell-to-cell connections d) Ions and small molecules can be directly exchanged through gap junctions e) Gap junctions are especially abundant in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle 15. Which one of the following statements is NOT CORRECT? a) Cells of different types have different kinds of cell membrane carriers b) The cell membrane of thyroid gland cells has carriers for iodine c) Some membrane proteins are cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) d) Cell membrane ion channels are highly nonselective e) Integrins connect the inner membrane surface to the intracellular cytoskeletal scaffolding 16. The weights of a group of 105 subjects are displayed in Figure 1 (histogram) as: (figure not reproduced in this transcription) a) A modal weight of 80 kilograms b) Weight as a continuous variable c) Bar charts of weight intervals d) Normal distribution of weight e) Mean weight of 10 kilograms 17. In the interpretation of weight measurements displayed in