Medical Physiology — GIT, Renal, Endocrine & OmpathStudy

Continued from $1. Question 72 Consolidation of short-term to long-term memory involves: A. the substantia nigra. B. the hippocampus. C. the cerebral peduncles. D. the arcuate fasciculus. E. the precentral gyrus. ✅ Answer: B. the hippocampus. Explanation: the hippocampus. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 73 Which autonomic receptor is blocked by hexamethonium at ganglia but not at the neuromuscular junction? A. Adrenergic α receptors. B. Adrenergic β₁ receptors. C. Adrenergic β₂ receptors. D. Cholinergic nicotinic receptors. ✅ Answer: D. Cholinergic nicotinic receptors. Explanation: Cholinergic nicotinic receptors. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 74 Which response is mediated by parasympathetic muscarinic receptors? A. Bronchodilation. B. Erection. C. Ejaculation. D. Constriction of GI sphincters. E. Increased cardiac contractility. ✅ Answer: B. Erection. Explanation: Erection. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 75 Which is a property of C fibers? A. Slowest conduction velocity. B. Largest diameter. C. Afferent from muscle spindles. D. Afferent from Golgi tendon organs. E. Preganglionic autonomic fibers. ✅ Answer: A. Slowest conduction velocity. Explanation: Slowest conduction velocity. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 76 Compared to cones, rods: A. are more sensitive to low light. B. adapt to darkness first. C. are concentrated on the fovea. D. mediate color vision. ✅ Answer: A. are more sensitive to low light. Explanation: are more sensitive to low light. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 77 The basilar membrane of the organ of Corti: A. The apex responds better to low frequencies. B. The base is wider than the apex. C. The base is more compliant. D. High frequencies displace the helicotrema. E. The apex is stiffer than the base. ✅ Answer: A. The apex responds better to low frequencies. Explanation: The apex responds better to low frequencies. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 78 A feature of the sympathetic (not parasympathetic) nervous system: A. Ganglia in effector organs. B. Long preganglionic neurons. C. Preganglionic neurons release norepinephrine. D. Preganglionic neurons originate in thoracolumbar spinal cord. ✅ Answer: D. Preganglionic neurons originate in thoracolumbar spinal cord. Explanation: Preganglionic neurons originate in thoracolumbar spinal cord. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 79 Which autonomic receptor increases heart rate? A. Adrenergic α. B. Adrenergic β₁. C. Adrenergic β₂. D. Cholinergic muscarinic. E. Cholinergic nicotinic. ✅ Answer: B. Adrenergic β₁. Explanation: Adrenergic β₁. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 80 Cutting which structure causes left-eye blindness? A. Optic nerve. B. Optic chiasm. C. Optic tract. D. Geniculocalcarine tract. ✅ Answer: A. Optic nerve. Explanation: Optic nerve. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 81 Which reflex causes monosynaptic excitation of ipsilateral homonymous muscle? A. Stretch reflex. B. Golgi tendon reflex. C. Flexor withdrawal reflex. D. Subliminal occlusion reflex. ✅ Answer: A. Stretch reflex. Explanation: Stretch reflex. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 82 Which GI substance causes smooth muscle relaxation? A. Secretin. B. Gastrin. C. CCK. D. VIP. E. GIP. ✅ Answer: D. VIP. Explanation: VIP. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 83 Site of intrinsic factor secretion: A. Gastric antrum. B. Gastric fundus. C. Duodenum. D. Ileum. E. Colon. ✅ Answer: B. Gastric fundus. Explanation: Gastric fundus. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 84 Vibrio cholerae causes diarrhea by: A. Increasing HCO₃⁻ secretion. B. Increasing Cl⁻ secretion in crypt cells. C. Preventing glucose absorption. D. Inhibiting cAMP. E. Inhibiting IP₃. ✅ Answer: B. Increasing Cl⁻ secretion in crypt cells. Explanation: Increasing Cl⁻ secretion in crypt cells. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-level teaching on this topic. --- Question 85 CCK has gastrin-like properties because both: A. Are released from G cells. B. Are released from I cells. C. Belong to the secretin family. D. Share C-terminal amino acids. E. Have 90% amino acid homology. ✅ Answer: D. Share C-terminal amino acids. Explanation: Share C-terminal amino acids. is the physiologically correct answer per standard MBChB-