General Pathology July 2021 Questions — CAT OmpathStudy

Question 1 Malignant neoplasms show all the following features EXCEPT A. Disorganized cell structure B. Encapsulation C. Invasion of local and distant tissues D. Rapid, erratic growth Answer: B. Encapsulation --- Question 2 ONE of the following cells have LEAST capacity for regeneration A. Cardiac muscle B. Skeletal muscle C. Neuronal cells D. Liver cells Answer: C. Neuronal cells --- Question 3 The following are mediators of inflammation EXCEPT A. Interferons B. Prostaglandins C. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) D. Myeloperoxidase enzyme Answer: D. Myeloperoxidase enzyme --- Question 4 Metaplasia refers to A. Irregular, atypical proliferative changes in epithelial or mesenchymal cells B. Loss of cell substance producing shrinkage of the cells C. Replacement of one type of adult cell by another type of adult cell D. None of the above Answer: C. Replacement of one type of adult cell by another type of adult cell --- Question 5 Metastatic calcification is associated with A. Dead or dying tissues B. Atherosclerosis C. Abnormal calcium metabolism D. Damaged heart valves Answer: C. Abnormal calcium metabolism --- Question 6 Which of these is an endogenous pigment A. Melanin B. Coal C. Tattooing D. Lipid Answer: A. Melanin --- Question 7 Phagocytes include the following EXCEPT A. Neutrophils B. Macrophages C. Osteoclasts D. Lymphocytes Answer: D. Lymphocytes --- Question 8 Which of these is the commonest cause of infectious granulomas A. Tuberculosis B. Fungal infections C. Viral infections D. Toxins Answer: A. Tuberculosis --- Question 9 The most common fixative used to preserve tissue in histopathology is A. 10% Formalin B. Ethylene Glycol C. Haematoxylin D. 95% Ethanol Answer: A. 10% Formalin --- Question 10 The following are oncogenic viruses in humans EXCEPT A. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) B. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) C. Hepatitis B virus D. Polio Virus Answer: D. Polio Virus --- Question 11 RB gene, 'the guardian of the genome' regulates the cell cycle at A. G1/S Checkpoint B. G2 Checkpoint C. G0 restriction checkpoint D. Intra-S Checkpoint Answer: A. G1/S Checkpoint --- Question 12 TP53 is regulated and scavenged after completing its action by A. CDKN1A B. MDM2 C. RAS D. E6 Answer: B. MDM2 --- Question 13 Mutations in the TGF-Beta signaling pathway involving SMAD molecules usually result in the following type of cancer A. Colon Cancer B. Stomach Cancer C. Lung Cancer D. Pancreatic cancer Answer: D. Pancreatic cancer --- Question 14 The most commonly mutated oncoprotein in all tumors and a key participant in abnormal signal transduction pathways is A. APC B. TP53 C. BRAF D. RAS Answer: D. RAS --- Question 15 The 'Warburg' effect in tumor cellular metabolism refers to A. Oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells B. Aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells C. Mutations and defects in enzymes that regulate the Krebs cycle D. Defective Mitochondrial ATP synthesis Answer: B. Aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells --- Question 16 A Granuloma is comprised of A. Fibroblasts and capillaries B. Capillaries and giant cells C. Endothelial cells and neutrophils D. Central necrotic area, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes Answer: D. Central necrotic area, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes --- Question 17 During autopsy ONE of the following is NOT the role of the medical officer A. Identify the decedent B. Ascertain the cause of death C. Document evidence D. Request for autopsy Answer: D. Request for autopsy --- Question 18 The postmortem interval can be estimated using the below EXCEPT A. Rigor Mortis B. Algor Mortis C. Mummification D. Cadaveric spasms Answer: D. Cadaveric spasms --- Question 19 Exhumation of human remains may ONLY proceed on the authority of A. Valid Court Orders B. The National Police Service C. The Chief Government Pathologist D. The Medical Superintendent Answer: A. Valid Court Orders --- Question 20 The following are chemical mediators of acute inflammation EXCEPT A. Leukotrienes B. Complement proteins C. Interleukins D. Hormones Answer: D. Hormones --- Question 21 The characteristic cells of chronic inflammation are all EXCEPT A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. Polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNs) Answer: D. Polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNs) --- Question 22 Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathologic assessment of tumours A. Grading is the degree of macroscopic and microscopic differentiation B. Staging is the extent of spread of tumours C. TNM and AJCC systems can be used for staging malignant tumours D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above --- Question 23 Complications of cutaneous wound healing include ONE of the following A. Wound dehiscence B. Ulceration C. Formation of contractures D. Deficient scar formation Answer: A. Wound dehiscence --- Question 24 ONE of the following statements is TRUE A. Large cutaneous wounds heal by first intention B. Hormones such as glucocorticoids inhibit collagen synthesis C. Defective inflammation may cause increased susceptibility to infection D. Atheroscl