saqs

saqs Year 1 · Anatomy · Other Resources Source collection: anatomy / gross anatomy / questions Download $1 File type: PDF · Size: 1.37 MB Content ANATOMY SAMPLE QUESTIONS SAQs Gross Anatomy 1. With the aid of a diagram, illustrate the dermatomes of upper and lower limbs 2. Discuss the course of Radial, median and ulnar nerves Radial nerve  Root value: C 5,6,7,8,T1  In the axilla it arises as a branch of the post cord of the brachial plexus. It lies ant to the post axillary wall(formed by subscapularis,teres major, latissimuss dorsi)  Passes btwn the long & medial heads of triceps  Accompanied by profunda(deep brachial) artery travels on the spiral groove  Pierces the lateral intermuscular septum to descend in the ant compartment of the arm  Descends in the groove btwn brachialis & brachioradialis  Infront of the lateral epicondyle the radial nerve divides into superficial radial nerve(sensory br) and posterior interrosseous/deep radial(motor br) nerve  The superficial nerve passes round the lat side of radius and emerges from the undercover of brachioradialis. It pierces the deep fascia to lie superfial to the tendons of anatomical snuffbox to reach the dorsum of the hand  The posterior interosseous nerve pierces supinator muscle. Then it travels btwn the superficial & deep extensor muscles lying post to abductor pollicis longus,extensor pollicis brevis and ant to extensor pollicis longus. Then it passes below the extensor retinaculum to reach the hand Median nerve  Root value: C5,6,7,8, T1  Formed by union of lateral root of lateral cord and medial cord of medial cord  In the upper arm it descends lateral to the brachial artery  At the mid-arm(at the level of insertion of coracobrachialis) it crosses the brachial artery from lateral to medial to descend medial to brachial artery  Enters the cubital fossa medial to brachial artery and lying on brachialis muscle  In the fore-arm it descends btwn the superficial and deep flexor digitorum muscle (strongly attached to the deep surface of superficial flexor digitorum muscle)  At the wrist it lies btwn tendons of flexor carpi radialis & palmaris longus  Passes below the flexor retinaculum as a content of carpal tunnel Ulnar nerve  Root value: C7,8,T1  Branch of medial cord  Descends medial to axillary artery and brachial artery in the anterior compartment  At midarm (level of coracobrachialis insertion) it pierces the medial intermuscular septum to enter the posterior compartment  Enters the elbow by passing behind medial epicondyle  Enters the forearm by passing btwn the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris  In the forearm lies on top of deep flexor digitorum and covered by flexor carpi ulnaris  At the wrist it pierces deep fascia to lie just beneath the skin 3. State the boundaries and contents of carpal tunnel  Bounderies: o Ant: flexor retinaculum o Post: carpal bones and their interosseous ligaments  Contents: o Median nerve o Tendons: tendons of superficial & deep flexor digitorum muscle, tendon of flexor pollicis longus 4. State the stability factors of ankle, knee, shoulder, hip and temporal-mandibular joints 5. Name the intracranial and extracranial communications of the cavernous sinus  Intracranial o Superior ophthalmic vein o Intercavenous sinuses o Inf & sup petrosal sinuses  Extracranial o Pterygoid plexus 6. State the anatomical features of broncho pulmonary segments  Portion of the lung with its own blood supply, innervation & lymphatic drainage  Can be surgically removed  Supplied by a tertiary bronchus 7. Discuss the blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the breast  Blood supply: o Pectoral br of thoraco-acromial o Branches of posterior intercostal o Branches of lateral thoracic  Lymphatic drainage: o Upper lateral quadrant: pectoral axillary L.Ns o Lower lateral quadrant: subscapular L.Ns o Upper medial quadrant: internal thoracic L.Ns o Lower medial quadrant: mediastinal L.Ns 8. State the recesses, blood supply & innervation of the parietal pleura  Recesses: costodiaphragmatic, costomediastinal, costocervical  Blood supply: o Costal pleura – intercostal arteries o Mediastinal pleura – pericardiophrenic o Diaphragmatic – musculophrenic o Cervical – deep cervical  Innervation: o Costal & lateral part of diaphragmatic – intercostal nerves o Mediastinal & central part of diaphragmatic – phrenic nerve 9. Describe the relations and blood supply of the trachea  Relations at the neck: o Anterior; thyroid isthmus, inferior thyroid veins, sternothyroid & sternohyoid muscle o Posterior; oesophagus o Lateral; carotid sheath contents, recurrent laryngeal nerve  Relations in the thorax: o Anterior; thymus,sternum, left branchiocephalic vein o Posterior; oesophagus, o Lateral; lungs  Blood supply: o Inferior thyroid o Bronchial arteries 10. Describe the course and distribution of phrenic nerves Right phrenic Left phrenic Roots; ant rami of C 3,C 4, C 5 nerves C 3,C 4, C 5 nerves Course in the neck; emerges from the later