Davidson's Essentials of Medicine - 2nd Year 4 Internal

Davidson's Essentials of Medicine - 2nd Year 4 · Internal Medicine Collection: 4TH YEAR ALL NOTES / IMED / BOOK -- l\nStudy smart wi Student Consult \nA\nJ.Alastair Innes V\nEditedby\n\nDavidson's Essentials of\n\n......\nn ...... :::s\nCl) \n\nDavidson’s Essentials of Medicine \n\nDavidson’s Essentials of\nJ. Alastair Innes\n2nd Edition \nEdited by \nPhD FRCP(Ed)\nConsultant Physician and Honorary Reader in\nRespiratory Medicine, Western General Hospital,\nMedicine\nEdinburgh, UK \nWith a contribution by\nSimon Maxwell\nPhD FRCP FRCP(Ed) FBPharmacolS FHEA\nProfessor of Student Learning (Clinical Pharmacology\nand Prescribing), University of Edinburgh; Honorary\nConsultant Physician, Western General Hospital,\nEdinburgh, UK\n\nEdinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2016 \n\n© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licens­ing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the publisher (other than as may be noted herein). First edition 2009 Second edition 2016 ISBN-13 978-0-7020-5592-8 International Edition ISBN-13 978-0-7020-5593-5 Ebook ISBN-13 978-0-7020-5595-9 Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.\nPractitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.\nWith respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.\nTo the fullest extent of the law, neither the publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.\n\n Content Strategist:\nLaurence Hunter\nContent Development\nSpecialist:\nThe Helen Leng\npublisher’s\npolicy is to use Project Manager:\npaper manufactured Anne Collett\nfrom sustainable forests Designer:\nMiles Hitchen\nIllustration Manager:\nAmy Faith Naylor\nIllustrator: Printed in China TNQ \n\n Contents\nSir Stanley Davidson vi\nPreface vii\nAcknowledgements viii\nContributors to Davidson’s Principles\nand Practice of Medicine ix\nList of abbreviations xiv\nPicture credits xvi \n1 Good medical practice 1\n2 Ageing and disease 9\n3 Critical care and emergency medicine 19\n4 Poisoning 33\n5 Infectious disease 47\n6 Clinical biochemistry and metabolism 139\n7 Kidney and urinary tract disease 159\n8 Cardiovascular disease 201\n9 Respiratory disease 265 10 Endocrine disease 327 11 Diabetes mellitus 381 12 Gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders 413 13 Liver and biliary tract disease 475 14 Blood disease 519 15 Rheumatology and bone disease 561 16 Neurological disease 605 17 Skin disease 687 18 Therapeutics and prescribing 731 19 Interpreting key investigations 795 20 Laboratory reference ranges 809\nIndex 817\nv \n\n Sir Stanley Davidson (1894–1981)\n\n Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine was the brainchild of\none of the great Professors of Medicine of the 20th century. Stanley\nDavidson was born in Sri Lanka and began his medical undergradu ate training at Trinity College, Cambridge; this was interrupted by\nWorld War I and later resumed in Edinburgh. He was seriously\nwounded in battle, and the carnage and shocking waste of young\nlife that he encountered at that time had a profound effect on his\nsubsequent attitudes and values.\nIn 1930 Stanley Davidson was appointed Professor of Medicine at\nthe University of Aberdeen, one of the first full-time Chairs of\nMedicine anyw