ADOLESCENT GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMENT Year 4 Paediatrics Notes

ADOLESCENT GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMENT Year 4 · Paediatrics Collection: 4TH YEAR ALL NOTES / PAEDS / PAEDS 4.1 / Agisa -- Slide 1 ADOLESCENT GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMENT Slide 2 Adolescence is a time of considerable physical and psychological growth and change! ADOLESCENCE is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood. \nThe age at which adolescence begins and ends is imprecise, partly because society is unclear about the roles of people in this stage (no longer children, not yet adults)\n3 periods-early, middle and late Hormones set this developmental agenda together with social structures Slide 3 Biological Sequence of Puberty Slide 4 Stages of adolescence Slide 5 Puberty Begins Puberty is a period of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation. The sequence of physical changes is universal, but the timing varies (typically lasting 3-5 years).\n Age of onset ranges between 8-15 years. Slide 7 The development of PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS involves organs and structures of the body related to reproduction.\nSECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS involve the visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve sex organs directly Slide 8 The Rapid Pace of Growth During Adolescence Extreme changes in height and weight are common \nTermed “the adolescent growth spurt”—a period of rapid growth changes in height and weight The rate of growth matches the high growth rate of infancy On average, boys grow 4.1 inches in height each year, girls 3.5 inches Girls begin their growth spurts earlier (aprox. 2 years) and complete them earlier By age 13, boys are taller on average Slide 10 Growth Patterns Patterns of growth pictured two ways: The first figure shows height at a given age, while the second shows the increase that occurs from birth through the end of the teen years. Notice the differences in growth between boys & girls. Boys growth spurt around age 12, girls around 10 Slide 11 Puberty: The Start of Sexual Maturation PUBERTY is the period when sexual organs mature, beginning earlier for girls than for boys.\nChanges include appearance of sexual characteristics, increase to adult size and development of reproductive capacity. Some children enter puberty early due to increased weight and adiposity. The resulting sequence of somatic and physiologic changes give rise to the sexual maturity rating (SMR)or tanner stages The SMR are not perfectly synchronized In girls,the first sign is usually breast enlargement(SMR2) In boys,the first visible sign is testicular enlargement Slide 12 Early adolescence They are preoccupied with their body images, limited dating and intimacy. Beginning of rapid growth and secondary sexual characteristics. Middle adolescence Menarche starts approximately one year after growth spurt. In middle adolescence(14-16)-relationship with parents can become strained and distant. Intense peer group involvement. Dating is the norm-,relationships are superficial. Risks of sexually transmitted diseases. They perceive implications but may not apply in decision making. Slide 13 late adolescence slowed physical changes,\npeer group and values recede in importance,\nRelationships involve love and commitment.\nCareer decisions are made. They transition to adult roles Slide 15 Sexual Maturation The changes in sexual maturation that occur for males and females during early adulthood. Slide 17 SEXUAL MATURATION RATING(SMR) Slide 19 TANNER STAGING IN MALES Slide 20 orchidometer Slide 23 Sudden Emotions Hormones contribute to the conflict, moodiness, and sexual urges of adolescents, but are not the only cause. Social and cultural reactions to visible body changes also play a large roll. Slide 24 Timing of Puberty Age of onset of puberty depends on: GENDER (girls ahead by months or years) GENES and ETHNICITY WEIGHT (malnutrition delays puberty) STRESS (causes puberty earlier) Slide 25 Early Maturation: Correlations Early maturing girls are at higher risk of: Teasing Early sexual activity Eating disorders Early substance use Early maturing boys are at higher risk of: Rebellion Breaking the law Stress and depression from relationships Slide 26 Late Maturation: Correlations Late maturation may also be difficult, especially for boys in a school in which athletics is valued.\n Late maturing girls may feel anxiety about when puberty will hit. (Anyone remember “Are You There God, It’s Me, Margaret” by Judy Blume?) Slide 27 Bigger and Stronger The growth spurt is a sudden and rapid period of physical growth during puberty. Sequence is weight, height, muscles.\n Females gain more fat, males gain muscle. The lungs and heart increase in size. Slide 28 Other Physical Changes The lymphoid system (tonsils, adenoids) decrease in size. This makes teens less susceptible to asthma and colds. Skin gets oilier, sweatier, more acne-prone. Slide 29 Brain Development in Adolescence Research has found that the limbic system, an emotional and impulsive part of the brain, develops prior to the prefrontal cortex, the rational, logical part of