cold chain and vaccination shedule Year 4 Paediatrics Notes

cold chain and vaccination shedule Year 4 · Paediatrics Collection: 4TH YEAR ALL NOTES / PAEDS / PAEDS 4.3 / Agisa -- COLD CHAIN & IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE \n\n Manufacturer\nCold Chain\nDistributor The ‘cold chain’ is the system of transporting and storing vaccines at recommended temperature from the Vaccine\nDepots point of manufacture to the point of use. \nProvider\noffice\n\n Client \n\nWhy is the cold chain important? 1. Vaccines are: 2. Assurance in potent\nproduct and vaccine  Biological products\nprogrammes  lose potency with time  Professional responsibility\n Confident the vaccines you give  Process irreversible and will be effective\naccelerated if proper storage  Public Health responsibility\nconditions are not adhered to.  Public confidence in\nimmunisation programmes 3. Ensuring maximum benefit 4.Compliance with from immunisations SPC/Manufacturer Responsibility not to waste Any vaccine that has not been scarce NHS resources stored at a temperature of 2-8ºC as\nper its licensing conditions is no Reduce wastage from errors longer a licensed product \n\n Cold chain storage\nequipment\nWalk in Deep Ice lined cold rooms freezers refrigerators \n\n1.Walk in cold rooms(WIC)\nAt regional level\nStorage up to 3 months \n2.Deep freezers\n\nAt district & PHC levels Temp:- -15oc to -25oc At PHC, used only for the preparation of ice packs \n\n3.Ice lined refrigerators(ILR) Both at district and PHC levels Temp:- +2oc to +8oc ILR’s are top opening, can hold cold air inside better than front opening refrigerators \n\n Vaccine Stability\nMOST\nSENSITIVE\nSensitivity to HEAT Sensitivity to COLD \nBCG HepB and combination\nVaricella DTand/or aP/IPV/HIB\nMMR Influenza\nMenC MenC\nHepatitis B MMR\nDT and/or aP/IPV/HIB Varicella\n BCG Temperature must be LEAST recorded twice in a day with SENSITIVE ( Freeze dried) dial thermometer \n\nLight Sensitive\n\nSensitive to strong light, sunlight, ultraviolet,\nfluorescents (neon)\nVaccines should BCG always be stored MMR in their original Varicella packaging until Meningococcal C Conjugate point of use to Most DTaP containing vaccines protect them from\nlight \nImmunisation Department, Centre for Infections \n\n Vaccine Storage\nDON’T’s DO’s X No food or medical\nUse a dedicated vaccine fridge specimens \nSafeguard electricity supply X Do not place fridge in direct sunlight or near heat source No more than 50% full \nPlace vaccines in clearly X Do not store vaccines for labelled plastic mesh baskets more than 1 month at PHC.\n Group vaccines by type X Do not store vaccines in (Paediatric, Adult, Adolescent) fridge doors or in solid plastic trays/containers Defrost/calibrate fridge regularly within the fridge\nEnsure back up facilities are X Keep vaccines away from Picture taken from www.medisave.co.uk available in the event of fridge fridge walls and cold air failing vents \n\nTransporting Equipment\n\n Cold Vaccine Day boxes carriers carriers \n\n Used for transport of vaccines 1.Cold boxes Fully frozen ice packs placed\nat the bottom and sides\nDPT, TT, DT should not be kept\nin direct contact \n2.Vaccine\ncarriers Used to carry small quantity of vaccines(16 to 20 vials) For out of reach sessions 4 icepacks are used \n\n3.Day carriers Used to carry very small quantities of vaccines(6 to 8 vials) For a near by session 2 icepacks are used For only 2 hours period \n\nUse of diluents\nSpecifically designed to reconstitute\nthe vaccines with respect to volume,\npH and other chemical properties\nStore at +2oc to +8oc in ILR\nOnly use vaccines suppled and\npackaged by manufacturer \n\nVaccine Vial Monitor(VVM)\nVVM is a label containing heat sensitive\nmaterial that is placed on a vaccine vial\nto register heat exposure over time\n\n Vaccine vial\nmonitor \n\n • Inner square Combined effects of time and\nlighter than temperature cause the inner square Stage 1 outer circle to darken gradually and irreversibly\nVVM does not directly measure the\n• Inner square vaccine potency but gives info about\nstill lighter than the main factor that affects potency Stage 2 outer circle \n• Color of inner\nsquare matches Stage 3 the outer circle \n• Color of inner\nsquare darker Stage 4 than outer circle \n\nImmunization schedule Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine. Controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases Estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year.  One of the most cost-effective health investments Accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. \n\nActive immunization/vaccination has been named one of the "Ten Great Public Health Achievements in the 20th Century"\n\nAccelerate control Strengthen routine of vaccine- immunization to preventable meet vaccination diseases coverage targets\nObjectives of\nWHO in\nimmunization\nSpur research and Introduce new development for and improved the next ge