Kaplan Pediatrics pdf-notes 201506051322 - flattened (2) Year

Kaplan Pediatrics pdf-notes 201506051322 - flattened (2) Year 4 · Paediatrics Collection: 4TH YEAR ALL NOTES / PAEDS / OTHER NOTES -- GI \n\n GI\n\n USMLE Step 2 CK\nTM \n\n Pediatrics\nLecture Notes\n\nBL4019J USMLE is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, Inc. and the National Board of Medical Examiners. \n\n GI\n\n©2013 Kaplan, Inc. All rights reserved.\n\nPublished by Kaplan, Inc. 395 Hudson Street New York, NY 10014\n\nNo part of these materials may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reversed engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without prior written authorization from Kaplan, Inc. Kaplan, Inc. grants you a non-transferable, non-exclusive license to access the materials and read the text on screen, solely for your personal, non-commercial use.\n\n10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1\n\nISBN: 978-1-61865-481-6 \n\n GI\n\n AUTHORS\nWilliam G. Cvetnic, M.D., M.B.A.\nFellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics Board Certified in Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine\nJacksonville, Florida\n\n Eduardo Pino, M.D.\nAssociate Professor, Department of Pediatrics\nMarshall University School of Medicine\nMedical Director, Pediatric ICU\nCabell Huntington Hospital\nHuntington, West Virginia\n\n CONTRIBUTOR\nChristine E. Koerner, M.D.\nAssistant Professor of Emergency Medicine\nUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston\nDirector of Pediatric Emergency Medicine\nLyndon B. Johnson General Hospital\nHouston, Texas \n\nGI \n\n GI\n\n Contents\n\nChapter 1: The Newborn and Resuscitation............................. 1 Chapter 2: Genetics/Dysmorphology................................. 17 Chapter 3: Growth and Nutrition.................................... 25 Chapter 4: Development........................................... 37 Chapter 5: Behavioral/Psychological Disorders......................... 43 Chapter 6: Immunizations.......................................... 47 Chapter 7: Child Abuse and Neglect.................................. 55 Chapter 8: Respiratory Disease...................................... 61 Chapter 9: Allergy and Asthma...................................... 75 Chapter 10: Immune-Mediated Disease............................... 87 Chapter 11: Disorders of the Eye.................................... 95 Chapter 12: Disorders of the Ear, Nose, and Throat.................... 101 Chapter 13: Cardiology........................................... 109 Chapter 14: Gastrointestinal Disease................................ 129 Chapter 15: Renal and Urologic Disorders............................ 145 Chapter 16: Endocrine Disorders.................................... 155 Chapter 17: Orthopedic Disorders................................... 165 Chapter 18: Rheumatic and Vasculitic Disorders....................... 173\n\n v \n\n GI\n\n Chapter 19: Hematology.......................................... 179 \nChapter 20: Oncology............................................ 193 \nChapter 21: Neurology............................................ 201 \nChapter 22: Infectious Disease..................................... 217 \nChapter 23: Adolescence.......................................... 239 \nIndex................................................................... 245\n\nvi \n\n GI\n\n The Newborn and Resuscitation\n1 APGAR SCORE\nA newborn infant at birth is noted to have acrocyanosis, a heart rate of 140,\ngrimaces to stimulation, and is active and with a lusty cry. What is her Apgar score?\n\n Table 1-1. Apgar Scoring System\nEvaluation 0 Points 1 Point 2 Points\nHeart rate 0 <100/min 100/min\nRespiration None Irregular, shallow, gasps Crying\nColor Blue Pale, blue extremities Pink\nTone None Weak, passive Active\nReflex irritability None Facial grimace Active withdrawal\n\n What You Need to Know about the Apgar Scoring System \n• Apgar scores are routinely assessed at 1 and 5 minutes, and every 5 minutes thereafter as long as\nresuscitation is continuing.\n• The 1-minute score gives an idea of what was going on during labor and delivery.\n• The 5-minute score gives an idea of response to therapy (resuscitation).\n• In general, the Apgar score is not predictive of outcome; however, infants with score 0−3 at\n5 minutes and longer compared to infants with score 7−10 have a worse neurologic outcome.\n\nNewborn Care\n• Vitamin K IM\n• Prophylactic eye erythromycin\n• Umbilical cord care\n• Hearing test\n• Newborn screening tests\n\n 1 \n\n GI USMLE Step 2 l Pediatrics\n\n BIRTH INJURIES\nOn physical exam, a 12-h-old newborn is noted to have nontender swelling of the\nhead that does not cross the suture line. What is the most likely diagnosis?\n\n Table 1-2. Common Injuries During Deliveries\nInjury Specifics Outcome\nSkull fractures In utero from pressure against • Linear: no symptoms and\nbones or forceps; linear: most no