VICTORIA CASE STUDIES Year 4 Paediatrics Notes OmpathStudy

VICTORIA CASE STUDIES Year 4 · Paediatrics Collection: 4TH YEAR ALL NOTES / PAEDS / PAEDS REVISION -- VICTORIA PAEDIATRICS CASE BOOK Mburugu, P. M and Simba, J. M G S An Imprint of ZionPear! Publishers Scanned with CamScanner [T e — AL rights rsaroed B part ¢ retrieval ers rieval system, or e i an al. phestnie gy, perrmding o b iheh eeiph o borief mechan Uit W piid willen permission motation is ¢ of the pubilishes v the authige Nate 1o the General Fiblis Thin bk contains the opinions and Weas nlile authors 101 Intended to provide helpful information 1o medical professionals and medical trainees ses 11 0s ot 1 any way a substitute for the s that it addres s own physiclan(z) v other medical professionals based on the advice of the reader on e reader’s own individusl conditions, symptoms, or concerns. If the or other assistance ruader peeds personal medical, health, dictary, exercise, a competent physician and/or other authors and publisher specifically or loss that the reader may y directions or ar advice, the reader should consult quilified health care professionals. The dusclaim all responsibility for injury, damage, imcur 25 a direct or indirect consequence of following an: rams described in tions given in the book, o participating in any prog the book. ISBN: 978-9914-9915-2-9 Designed & Published in 2021 by ZionPearl Publishers P.O Box 38670-00632, Nairobi-Kenya +254787907684 info@zionpearlpublishers.com ‘ www.zionpearlpublishers.com sugges Dedication To the children who through their illness, we have learnt how to treat other children, and through it we teach others the art and science of paediatrics. Scanned with CamScanner Acknowledgements We acknowledge the department of Child Health and Paediatrics, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture apg Technology (JKUAT), and the affiliated teaching hospitals; Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital and Thika Level V Hospital. We acknowledge the contribution of Galaxy Medicare Consultants Limited, for shaping our experiences and practice, We also recognize our teachers and mentors who have moulded our careers. We are indebted to our families for their support during the process of authoring the book. We reserve special thanks to God Almighty, who has been with us from the conception of this idea to the completion of the book. Contributors 1. Dr. Machoka, Penina K, MBChB (JKUAT), Thika Level V Hospital-Kiambu, Kenya. 2. Dr. Mburugu, Patrick M, MBChB, MMed (Paeds), Fell, (Global Health Leadership), Senior Lecturer and Founding Chair, Department of Child Health and Paediatrics, JKUAT. Global Health Leadership Fellow. Honorary Consultant Paediatrician, Thika Level V Hospital. 3. Dr. Moseti, Miriam K, MBChB, Medical Officer, Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Paediatric Registrar, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 4, Dr. Muriuki, Maureen N, MBChB (JKUAT), Nyeri County Refferal Hospital, Kenya 5. Dr. Musyoka, Samuel M, MBChB (JKUAT), Kitui County Refferal Hospital-Kitui, Kenya. Scanned with CamScanner 6. Dr. Ochieng) Stephen O., MBChB (JKUAT), St. Matia Mulumba Mission Hospital-Thika, Kenya. 7. Dr. Okemwa, Robert K., MBChB (JKUAT), Karatina Sub-county Hospital, Nyeri, Kenya. 8. Dr. Orori, Conrad O., MBChB (JKUAT), Gatundu Level VI Hospital, Kiambu, Kenya. 9. Dr. Osoro, Yvonne K., MBChB (JKUAT), Maragua Sub-county Hospital, Murang’a, Kenya. 10. Dr. Simba M. Justus, MBChB, MMed (Paeds), Fell (PaedRespMed), Senior Lecturer and Chair, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, JKUAT, Kenya. Honorary Consultant Paediatrician/Respiratory Medicine Specialist, Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Kenya. 11. Dr. Wainaina, Jane N., MBChB (JKUAT), Nyahururu County Referral Hospital, Laikipia, Kenya. Reviewers for Selected Chapters 1. SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN PAEDIATRICS Dr. Thuo, Reuben W.,, MBChB, MMed (Surg), Senior Lecturer and Consultant surgeon, Department of Surgery, JKUAT, Kenya. Dean, School of Medicine, JKUAT. Dr. Ondieki, Janai M., MBChB, MMed (Surg), Lecturer and Consultant surgeon, Department of Surgery, JKUAT, Kenya. Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital. 2. HEMATO-ONCOLOGY Dr. Kaggia, Serah N., MBChB, MMed(Path), Senior Lecturer and Chair, Department of Human Pathology, JKUAT, Kenya. Honorary Consultant Pathologist, Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital and Thika Level V Hospital. Scanned with CamScanner Table of Contents Dedication. i Acknowledgements.......... ii COMITBULOTS v iii Reviewers for Selected Chapters.......no v FOrEWONd 1 PIEfaCe v 3 EMERGENCY MEDICINE.....coor 5 NEONATOLOGY oot 23 RESPIRATORY MEDICINE..o 73 CARDIOLOGY oo 115 GASTROENTEROLOGY.....ovoeroooooooooo 149 RENAL MEDICINE..o 185 Scanned with CamScanner\n\nNEUROLOGY INFECTIOUS DISEASES HAEMATO-ONCOLOGY GENETICS ENDOCRINOLOGY... DERMATOLOGY....ovvvvensnmsssssmmssssssssssssssmsssssssssssssssssssss 347 357 RHEUMATOLOGY/CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY...ccovvee CHILD HEALTH SURGICAL CONDITIONS IN PAEDIATRICS covcevsveve Foreword [t came as 1O surprise when Dr. Mburugu and Dr. Simba informed me of their plan to publish a pa