Behavioural Sciences Exam — 2016 (Past Paper)

51 clinical MCQs in Behavioural Sciences. Attitudes may be acquired in the following ways, except:. Kenya, Africa and global revision.

Questions, Answers & Explanations

1. Q1. Attitudes may be acquired in the following ways, except:

   • Ego defense
   • Observing other people's behaviour
   • Observing our own behaviour
   • Classical conditioning
   • Operant conditioning MODULE 3: BEHAVIOUR CHANGE

   Answer: Ego defense

2. Q2. The following are true regarding life events, except:

   • Life events are internal environmental influences that have an impact on Human beings
   • Life events are not always negative experiences
   • Life events can function as major stressors
   • Life events can occur at any stage in the human lifespan
   • Poorly adjusted individuals are more likely to succumb to mental disorders after a major life event

   Answer: Life events are internal environmental influences that have an impact on Human beings

3. Q3. Which of the following is correct with reference to human behaviour and genetics

   • External environment refers to friends while internal environment refers to family
   • Heritability refers to the proportion of genotypic variation in a population due to genetic variation
   • Shared environment refers to geographic and climatic conditions shared by siblings
   • In genetic studies co-relation coefficient are calculated for continous traits like intelligence
   • Epigenetic is a science that studies the influence of genes on the environment

   Answer: External environment refers to friends while internal environment refers to family

4. Q4. Which of the following psychological theories is associated with Perceived threat?

   • Learning theories
   • Sociocognitive learning theory
   • Reasoned action theory
   • Psychoanalytic model
   • Health Belief Model

   Answer: Learning theories

5. Q5. Which of the following is an important early childhood life event?

   • The first reciprocated smile
   • The birth of a sibling
   • Walking without support
   • The first recognition of father as part of the family
   • The duration of breast feeding

   Answer: The first reciprocated smile

6. Q6. Which of the following is associated with the cognitive behavioural Theory?

   • The hierarchy of needs
   • The three instances of the Psyche- id, ego, super ego
   • Brain processing of information and in interpreting experiences.
   • Human instincts and drives
   • Staged of Psychosexual development

   Answer: The hierarchy of needs

7. Q7. Which of the following Theories/Models can be used to predict the changes that an alcohol dependent is expected to go through during the recovery process?

   • Theory of reasoned Action
   • The Health Belief Model
   • The Transtheoretic Model of change
   • Social learning theory: Classical conditioning
   • The social cognitive theory

   Answer: Theory of reasoned Action

8. Q8. Which of the following is incorrect regarding the aetiology of schizophrenia?

   • Schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder related to impaired neurotransmitter production and functions
   • The 1st degree relatives of schizophrenia have 10 times greater risk of schizophrenia as the general population
   • The concordance rate of schizophrenia is higher in MZ as in DZ twins
   • The concordance rate of schizophrenia is higher in DZ as in MZ twins
   • Intrauterine and perinatal viral infections are thought to be important environmental factors

   Answer: Schizophrenia is a polygenic disorder related to impaired neurotransmitter production and functions

9. Q9. Which of the following is true of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence?

   • The prevalence of psychological disorders is higher in girls as compared to boys
   • Boys tend to display aggressive behaviour while girls tend to display more emotional disorders
   • There is a low prevalence of learning disabilities in girls
   • There is an excess of boys among children with emotional disorders
   • Girls are more likely to display truancy as compared to boys

   Answer: The prevalence of psychological disorders is higher in girls as compared to boys

10. Q10. Which one of the following statements has a reference to humanistic theories of behavior?

    • Childhood conflicts are key to behavior in adulthood
    • The structures of the psyche are the id, ego and super ego
    • Human beings have a natural tendency for self actualisation
    • Reward and punishment are important tools for changing behaviour
    • The unconscious can be accessed through the interpretation of dreams

    Answer: Childhood conflicts are key to behavior in adulthood

11. Q11. In family studies, the proband is

    • All participants of the study who posses the trait to be studied
    • A research assistant who posses the trait to be studied
    • The male parent of the subjects who posses the trait to be studied
    • The subject who possesses the trait to be studied
    • The parent who who posses the trait to be studied

    Answer: All participants of the study who posses the trait to be studied

12. Q12. Behaviour is a manifestation of the play of genetics on the body's development and physiology in response to the environment. Which of the the following is part of the internal environment

    • Parents
    • Environmental toxins
    • School
    • Best friends
    • Hospital admission MODULE 4: SOCIOLOGY

    Answer: Parents

13. Q13. Theories of crime and deviance include all of the following, except:

    • Demonology
    • Psychological approaches
    • Sociological approaches
    • Classical and neo classical theory
    • Geographical theories

    Answer: Demonology

14. Q14. Double Approach Avoidance conflict is:

    • Approaching a problem from two different angles
    • A doubly strong tendency to approach an object
    • Being faced with a choice between two equal attractive goals
    • Choosing between two equally attractive objects such that the choice of one means giving up the other
    • Approaching a problem using two different angles

    Answer: Approaching a problem from two different angles

15. Q15. The research method in which the sociologist becomes an active member of the group or community being studied is known as:

    • Experimentation
    • Survey research
    • Participant observation
    • Secondary analysis
    • Social research

    Answer: Experimentation

16. Q16. Which of the following statements about socialization process is not true?

    • It is a never ending process
    • It teaches the individual the correct behaviours for the status he or she occupies
    • It begins at the moment of birth
    • It results in complete conformity
    • It is a continuous process

    Answer: It is a never ending process

17. Q17. Situations in which the individual plays a role that he or she is likely to assume later in life is termed:

    • Primary socialization
    • Anticipatory socialization
    • Re-socialization
    • Adult socialization
    • Secondary socialization

    Answer: Primary socialization

18. Q18. The following are characteristics of abused children, except:

    • Battered child syndrome
    • Rebellious
    • Hyperkinetic syndrome
    • Failure to thrive syndrome
    • Withdrawn

    Answer: Battered child syndrome

19. Q19. The following are true regarding sibling rivalry, except:

    • Birth of another child may be a contributor
    • Regressive behaviour is a consequence
    • Overprotection is a factor
    • Aggression is an outcome
    • Resolution of the Oedipus complex is part

    Answer: Birth of another child may be a contributor

20. Q20. Which of the following model helps in understanding the strong influence of socio-cultural factors in the treatment of disease?

    • Social support model
    • Explanatory model of illness
    • Health Belief Model
    • Biopsychosocial model
    • Sociological model

    Answer: Social support model

21. Q21. Among the general categories of behaviour, one of the following is not usually designated as deviant behavior in our context

    • Bestiality
    • Polygamy
    • Alcoholism
    • Schizophrenia
    • Attempted suicide MODULE 5: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

    Answer: Bestiality

22. Q22. examines the influence of culture and ethnic practices on people's behavior.

    • Social psychology
    • Cultural psychology
    • Abnormal psychology
    • Evolutionary psychology
    • Biological psychology

    Answer: Social psychology

23. Q23. is defined as a change in behavior, belief, or both to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure.

    • Conformity
    • Compliance
    • Systematic Observation
    • Consensus
    • Conflict

    Answer: Conformity

24. Q24. The following are true about bystander effect, except:

    • It was exemplified by Kitty Genovese Case
    • Refers to Conditions in which people are more or less likely to help one another
    • In general, the more people around, the less chance of help
    • Diffusion of responsibility results in less help
    • Pluralistic ignorance refers to people deciding what to do by ignoring others

    Answer: It was exemplified by Kitty Genovese Case

25. Q25. A student in a classroom is exhibiting social loafing by

    • Not raising his/her hand when the teacher asks a question
    • Sitting in the front row
    • Offering to help another student
    • Answering the extra credit question in a quiz
    • Listening intently to the teacher's lecture

    Answer: Not raising his/her hand when the teacher asks a question

26. Q26. The following are all factors of attraction, except:

    • Differences i.e. opposites attract
    • Liking through Association
    • Similarity
    • Physical Attractiveness
    • Reciprocal Liking

    Answer: Differences i.e. opposites attract

27. Q27. Which of the following is not true regarding the functions of personal space?

    • Serves as a buffer against potential emotional threats
    • Serves as a buffer against potential physiologic threats
    • Serves as a buffer against potential social threats
    • Regulate amount of sensory information we get from others
    • Communicate level of closeness and intimacy that we desire with others

    Answer: Serves as a buffer against potential emotional threats

28. Q28. The following are territoriality encroachment reactions, except:

    • Turf Defense
    • Linguistic Collusion
    • Cross-cultural variations
    • Withdrawal
    • Insulation

    Answer: Turf Defense

29. Q29. Which statement creates Cognitive Dissonance?

    • I want to sing, and I have the voice of an angel
    • I really need a band aid, and there is one in my pocket
    • I have to have an orange, but I am allergic to Vitamin C
    • We want to go get a hamburger, and we have just enough money to do so
    • We want to go swimming and just have what we need

    Answer: I want to sing, and I have the voice of an angel

30. Q30. is acting in accordance to a direct request from another person or group

    • Conformity
    • Compliance
    • Systematic Observation
    • Consensus
    • Conflict

    Answer: Conformity

31. Q31. The tendency to overestimate the role of traits and underestimate the role of situation in determining people's behavior is known as

    • Fundamental Social theory
    • Fundamental Attribution Error
    • Fundamental Thinking bias
    • Fundamental social psychology
    • Fundamental trait theory

    Answer: Fundamental Social theory

32. Q32. Door in the face technique refers to

    • First make an unreasonably large request, then a smaller one
    • First make a reasonable request followed by an unreasonable one
    • First make objections and then make a big request
    • First slam the door on someone and then saying sorry
    • Refusing someone's request by slamming the door ## MODULE 6 - FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY

    Answer: First make an unreasonably large request, then a smaller one

33. Q33. A young doctor went to study people in a village to see the impact of trauma on them. He lived with them, understood all possible relations of culture as well. He was a:

    • Psychologist
    • Physiologist
    • Pathologist
    • Anthropologist
    • Psychiatrist

    Answer: Psychologist

34. Q34. The study of anthropology provides us with information regarding

    • Knowledge based from the sub part of environment
    • Holistic medicine
    • Understanding
    • Physician influences
    • Culture

    Answer: Knowledge based from the sub part of environment

35. Q35. Culture is the external expression of the individual mental life as presented by:

    • Patient child interactions
    • Personality
    • Mental health
    • Relationships
    • Childbirth

    Answer: Patient child interactions

36. Q36. In doctor - patient relationship the following models can be used, except:

    • Vertical
    • Teacher student
    • Diagonal
    • Mutual
    • Horizontal

    Answer: Vertical

37. Q37. Which of the following is correct?

    • Kenya has the highest rate of road traffic accidents in the world
    • Accidents are always unpredictable
    • Accidents cannot be prevented
    • The USA has higher rates of traffic accidents than Kenya
    • Accidents are natural disasters

    Answer: Kenya has the highest rate of road traffic accidents in the world

38. Q38. Which of the following do not contribute to the delay in treatment with reference to patient therapist relationship problems?

    • Scarcity of resources
    • Shortage of staff
    • Patient inability to meet cost of treatment
    • Bureaucratic process
    • Transference and counter transference

    Answer: Scarcity of resources

39. Q39. Efficient doctor - patient communication results to:

    • Good drug compliance by the patient
    • Litigation by the relatives
    • Slow recovery of patients
    • Time wasting
    • Lack of respect by Patients to the doctors

    Answer: Good drug compliance by the patient

40. Q40. Good doctor patient communication includes the following

    • Interrupting as much as possible
    • Talking most of the time in order to educate patients
    • Ignoring nonverbal communication
    • Good listening
    • Joking when patient narrates their queer symptoms

    Answer: Interrupting as much as possible

41. Q41. The following cultural factors influence illness presentation, except:

    • Spirituality
    • Beliefs
    • Previous illness experience
    • Socio cultural background
    • Patients height

    Answer: Spirituality

42. Q42. Cultures differ in their child rearing practices as far as the following are concerned, except:

    • Permissiveness
    • Reward
    • Punishment
    • Bowel and bladder training
    • Smiling

    Answer: Permissiveness

43. Q43. Malpractice charges to doctors are related to the following, except:

    • Deserting the patient
    • Discharging the patient
    • Involving patient or family
    • Delivering information poorly
    • Failing to understand the patient and/or family perspective

    Answer: Deserting the patient

44. Q44. The model of treatment used by the doctor depends on all the following, except:

    • Patients specific needs
    • Treatment requirements
    • Specific clinical situations
    • Doctors mood
    • Patients diagnosis

    Answer: Patients specific needs

45. Q45. The following are universal characteristics observed among children of various cultures, except:

    • Smiling is a social greetings exhibited by all normal members of every known society.
    • There is a taboo against incest and homicide.
    • There are gender differences in roles that go beyond reproduction.
    • Females are more aggressive than males.
    • Strong attachments and fear of separation and strangers appear in the second half of the first year of life.

    Answer: Smiling is a social greetings exhibited by all normal members of every known society.

46. Q46. Which of the following is not culture bound syndrome?

    • Amok
    • Vertigo
    • Malaria
    • Anorexia nervosa
    • Brain fag syndrome ## MODULE 7 PHYSICAL ILLNESS CAUSING BEHAVIOUR

    Answer: Amok

47. Q47. Which of the following is considered to be a 'disease of Affluent'?

    • AIDS
    • Epilepsy
    • Myocardial infarction
    • Mental retardation
    • Tuberculosis

    Answer: AIDS

48. Q48. Which of the following disease is not related to life style?

    • Cerebral aneurism
    • Accidental injuries
    • Hypertension
    • Cancer
    • Anxiety disorders

    Answer: Cerebral aneurism

49. Q49. Which of the following factors is an important risk factor for disease?

    • Autonomy
    • Prosocial behaviour
    • Racial discrimination
    • Social responsibility and tolerance
    • Marital harmony

    Answer: Autonomy

50. Q50. Factors that influence illness behavior include the following, except:

    • Mood
    • Prior illness episode
    • Culture belief concerning the specific problem
    • Personal meaning of the illness
    • Types of illness

    Answer: Mood

51. Q51. The following are false regarding the bio-psycho-social model of disease, except:

    • Is of no relevance to orthopaedic patient
    • Emphasizes that social factors are not important in the management of cancer patients
    • Is not useful in the holistic approach to the management of a dying patient
    • Biological factors are least important in the cause of disease
    • Help us understand and manage the patient better ## MODULE 8 HEALTH PROMOTION

    Answer: Is of no relevance to orthopaedic patient