Clinical Techniques Adobe Scan 22 Apr 2022 1 — Past Paper...

9 clinical MCQs in Introduction to Clinical Techniques. True statement. Kenya, Africa and global revision.

Questions, Answers & Explanations

1. Q1. True statement

   • Angular stomatitis is associated with liver disease.
   • Oral candidiasis is only seen in HIV/AIDS patients.
   • Trauma, vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency are associated with aphthous ulceration.
   • All of the above
   • Iron deficiency anemia is a common cause of angular stomatitis. ✅ Answer: D

   Answer: Angular stomatitis is associated with liver disease.

   Explanation: Statement C is definitively true. Statement A can be plausible due to nutritional deficiencies in severe liver disease. Statement B is generally false due to the word "only," but if interpreted loosely as a common association, it might be considered. Given the marked answer, it implies all are considered true in the context of the question.

2. Q2. Which of the statements is false on essentials of mental state exam

   • Recent and distant memory
   • Walking/abnormal gait
   • Poor dressing, dirty person
   • Appropriate language and speech
   • Insight and judgment ✅ Answer: B

   Answer: Recent and distant memory

   Explanation: Gait assessment is primarily part of a neurological examination, not an essential component of the mental state examination itself.

3. Q3. Which of the following cranial nerves conducts sensory touch information from the skin of the forehead, cheeks and lower jaw and conducts motor signals to the muscles of mastication?

   • Facial nerve
   • Trigeminal
   • Hypoglossal
   • Abducens
   • Vagus ✅ Answer: B

   Answer: Facial nerve

   Explanation: The trigeminal nerve (CN V) is responsible for sensory innervation of the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication.

4. Q4. Causes of bilateral reduction chest wall expansion on palpation include except

   • Bilateral symmetrical pleural effusions.
   • End stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
   • COPD
   • Pneumothorax.
   • Severe asthma exacerbation. ✅ Answer: D

   Answer: Bilateral symmetrical pleural effusions.

   Explanation: Pneumothorax typically causes unilateral reduction in chest wall expansion, while the other conditions can cause bilateral reduction.

5. Q5. On pupillary light reflexes, all true except

   • Direct pupillary reflex is constriction of the pupil light is shown into.
   • Constriction of the contralateral pupil is known as consensual light reflex.
   • On accommodation light reflex pupils constrict and converge bilaterally
   • The afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex is the optic nerve. ✅ Answer: C

   Answer: Direct pupillary reflex is constriction of the pupil light is shown into.

   Explanation: Snellen charts are used to assess visual acuity, not color blindness.

6. Q6. In bronchial breathing, which statement is false

   • Is associated with a clear distinct pause between the inspiratory and expiratory phase.
   • Louder than vesicular sounds.
   • Quiet low pitched rustling.
   • Can be likened to auscultation of the trachea.
   • Expiratory phase is longer than the inspiratory phase. ✅ Answer: C

   Answer: Is associated with a clear distinct pause between the inspiratory and expiratory phase.

   Explanation: Quiet, low-pitched rustling describes vesicular breath sounds, not bronchial breathing, which is loud and harsh.

7. Q7. The following statements are true

   • Bleeding of gums is due to lack of vitamin B12
   • Koplik spots are found on mucous membrane of the mouth
   • Pharyngitis is to inflammation of the throat
   • Smooth tongue is usually due to iron deficiency
   • Polyps are growth found on the surface of the nose. ✅ Answer: B

   Answer: Bleeding of gums is due to lack of vitamin B12

   Explanation: Koplik spots are pathognomonic for measles and appear on the buccal mucosa.

8. Q8. All the following conditions are associated with high output heart failure EXCEPT

   • Iron overload
   • Hyperthyroidism
   • Systemic arteriovenous fistula
   • Thiamine deficiency
   • Paget disease ✅ Answer: B

   Answer: Iron overload

   Explanation: Hyperthyroidism is a well-known cause of high output heart failure due to increased metabolic demand and cardiac output.

9. Q9. What is the preferred order for the examination of the abdomen?

   • Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
   • percussion, auscultation, palpation and inspection.
   • auscultation, inspection, palpation, percussion.
   • inspection, auscultation, auscultation, percussion.
   • inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation. ✅ Answer: A

   Answer: Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

   Explanation: Auscultation is performed before percussion and palpation to avoid altering bowel sounds.