Endocrine and Metabolic Pathology MCQs | MCQ Quiz | OmpathStudy Kenya

Practice 27 MCQs on Endocrine and Metabolic Pathology MCQs with OmpathStudy. Built for Kenyan medical and health students to revise key concepts and prepare...

Questions, Answers & Explanations

1. Q1. Classical Endocrine glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal gland:

   • Have ducts
   • Are under-regulated
   • Produce many different products
   • Use the product locally

   Answer: Have ducts

2. Q2. Increasing the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland and increasing the growth of the thyroid gland are two functions of:

   • TSH-RH
   • TSH
   • Thyroglobulin

   Answer: TSH-RH

3. Q3. The primary effect of T3 and T4 is to:

   • Decrease blood glucose
   • Promote the release of calcitonin
   • Promote heat-generating (metabolic) reactions
   • Stimulate the uptake of iodine by the thyroid
   • All the above

   Answer: Decrease blood glucose

4. Q4. The primary effect of calcitonin is to:

   • Increase blood glucose
   • Decrease blood glucose
   • Increase excretion of calcium ions in urine
   • Increase blood calcium
   • Decrease blood calcium by blocking release from the bone

   Answer: Increase blood glucose

5. Q5. An increase in blood glucose and an anti-inflammatory effect are important effects of:

   • Epinephrine
   • Glucagon
   • Cortisol
   • Insulin
   • ADH

   Answer: Epinephrine

6. Q6. The primary target for glucagon is the:

   • Liver
   • Hypothalamus
   • Adrenal cortex
   • Pancreas
   • Kidney

   Answer: Liver

7. Q7. The Islets of Langerhans are the endocrine portion of the:

   • Adrenal cortex
   • Adrenal medulla
   • Anterior pituitary
   • Posterior pituitary
   • Pancreas

   Answer: Adrenal cortex

8. Q8. What hormone is primarily responsible for glucose storage as glycogen and stimulating protein synthesis?

   • Glucagon
   • Insulin
   • Cortisol

   Answer: Glucagon

9. Q9. Cyclic AMP is best matched with:

   • Adrenaline
   • Hormones
   • Muscle cells
   • Testosterone
   • None of the above

   Answer: Adrenaline

10. Q10. Hormones like insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine:

    • Can only regulate key enzymes in metabolic pathways
    • Can only regulate the activity of transcription factors
    • Can regulate key enzymes in metabolic pathways and regulate the activity of transcription factors
    • Can only regulate pathways associated with amino acid synthesis

    Answer: Can only regulate key enzymes in metabolic pathways

11. Q11. If levels of PTH are high, one would expect to see:

    • Increased osteoblast activity
    • Increased excretion of phosphate ions in urine
    • Decreased calcium concentration in the blood
    • Both B and C

    Answer: Increased osteoblast activity

12. Q12. Exophthalmos is a characteristic sign of:

    • Cretinism
    • Graves' disease
    • Acromegaly
    • Cushing's disease

    Answer: Cretinism

13. Q13. Levels of ACTH are low in Addison's disease (Secondary) because:

    • Levels of glucocorticoids are high
    • Excessive water is being lost with sodium ions
    • There is a tumor of the corticotrophs

    Answer: Levels of glucocorticoids are high

14. Q14. Destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas results in:

    • Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent)
    • Type II diabetes
    • Pancreatitis
    • Diabetes insipidus
    • Hyperglycemia

    Answer: Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent)

15. Q15. What hormone causes contraction of smooth muscle surrounding milk glands?

    • Oxytocin
    • ADH
    • TSH
    • Prolactin

    Answer: Oxytocin

16. Q16. What hormone, along with estrogen, stimulates the development of the mammary glands?

    • Oxytocin
    • TSH
    • Prolactin

    Answer: Oxytocin

17. Q17. What endocrine glands are stimulated by FSH and LH?

    • Thyroid
    • Testes/ovaries
    • Adrenal medulla
    • Alpha cells of the pancreas

    Answer: Thyroid

18. Q18. When epinephrine or glucagon binds to their receptor and activates the cAMP cascade, all happen EXCEPT:

    • GDP dissociates from G-protein and GTP associates
    • Alpha-subunit activates adenylate cyclase
    • G-protein is freed from its tether and diffuses away from the cell membrane
    • Alpha-subunit hydrolyzes GTP and becomes inactive
    • The alpha-subunit bound to GDP must reassociate with beta/gamma before binding to occupied receptor

    Answer: GDP dissociates from G-protein and GTP associates

19. Q19. If a diabetic misses an injection of insulin, there will be:

    • An increase in the conversion of amino acids to glucose
    • A stimulation of protein synthesis
    • An increase in the uptake of glucose into muscle cells

    Answer: An increase in the conversion of amino acids to glucose

20. Q20. The major difference between hormones using intracellular receptors vs cell membrane receptors is that the former are:

    • Larger
    • Charged
    • Amino acid derivatives
    • Proteins
    • Hydrophobic

    Answer: Larger

21. Q21. What is the function of aldosterone?

    • Increase sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
    • Decrease sodium reabsorption
    • Increase potassium reabsorption
    • Decrease potassium excretion

    Answer: Increase sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

22. Q22. The hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreas is:

    • Glucagon
    • Somatostatin
    • GIP

    Answer: Glucagon

23. Q23. The primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is to:

    • Increase blood calcium levels
    • Decrease blood calcium levels
    • Stimulate calcitonin secretion

    Answer: Increase blood calcium levels

24. Q24. Which hormone is responsible for the fight or flight response?

    • Insulin
    • Cortisol
    • Epinephrine
    • Prolactin

    Answer: Insulin

25. Q25. The hormone produced by the pineal gland is:

    • Melatonin
    • Insulin
    • Thyroxine

    Answer: Melatonin

26. Q26. Which hormone has an antagonistic effect to insulin?

    • Cortisol
    • Glucagon
    • Thyroxine

    Answer: Cortisol

27. Q27. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells?

    • Erythropoietin
    • Thyroxine
    • Insulin

    Answer: Erythropoietin