General Pathology Continuous Assessment July 2021

24 clinical MCQs in General Pathology. Malignant neoplasms show all the following features EXCEPT:

Questions, Answers & Explanations

1. Q1. Malignant neoplasms show all the following features EXCEPT:

   • Disorganized cell structure
   • Encapsulation
   • Invasion of local and distant tissues
   • Rapid, erratic growth

   Answer: Encapsulation

2. Q2. ONE of the following cells have LEAST capacity for regeneration:

   • Cardiac muscle
   • Skeletal muscle
   • Neuronal cells
   • Liver cells

   Answer: Neuronal cells

3. Q3. The following are mediators of inflammation EXCEPT:

   • Interferons
   • Prostaglandins
   • Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
   • Myeloperoxidase enzyme

   Answer: Myeloperoxidase enzyme

4. Q4. Metaplasia refers to:

   • Irregular, atypical proliferative changes in epithelial or mesenchymal cells
   • Loss of cell substance producing shrinkage of the cells
   • Replacement of one type of adult cell by another type of adult cell
   • None of the above

   Answer: Replacement of one type of adult cell by another type of adult cell

5. Q5. Metastatic calcification is associated with:

   • Dead or dying tissues
   • Atherosclerosis
   • Abnormal calcium metabolism
   • Damaged heart valves

   Answer: Abnormal calcium metabolism

6. Q6. Which of these is an endogenous pigment:

   • Melanin
   • Coal
   • Tattooing
   • Lipid

   Answer: Melanin

7. Q7. Phagocytes include the following EXCEPT:

   • Neutrophils
   • Macrophages
   • Osteoclasts
   • Lymphocytes

   Answer: Lymphocytes

8. Q8. Which of these is the commonest cause of infectious granulomas:

   • Tuberculosis
   • Fungal infections
   • Viral infections
   • Toxins

   Answer: Tuberculosis

9. Q9. The most common fixative used to preserve tissue in histopathology is:

   • 10% Formalin
   • Ethylene Glycol
   • Haematoxylin
   • 95% Ethanol

   Answer: 10% Formalin

10. Q10. The following are oncogenic viruses in humans EXCEPT:

    • Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
    • Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
    • Hepatitis B virus
    • Polio Virus

    Answer: Polio Virus

11. Q11. RB gene, 'the guardian of the genome' regulates the cell cycle at:

    • G1/S Checkpoint
    • G2 Checkpoint
    • G0 restriction checkpoint
    • Intra-S Checkpoint

    Answer: G1/S Checkpoint

12. Q12. TP53 is regulated and scavenged after completing its action by:

    • CDKN1A
    • MDM2
    • RAS

    Answer: MDM2

13. Q13. Mutations in the TGF-Beta signaling pathway involving SMAD molecules usually result in the following type of cancer:

    • Colon Cancer
    • Stomach Cancer
    • Lung Cancer
    • Pancreatic cancer

    Answer: Pancreatic cancer

14. Q14. The most commonly mutated oncoprotein in all tumors and a key participant in abnormal signal transduction pathways is:

    • APC
    • TP53
    • BRAF
    • RAS

    Answer: RAS

15. Q15. The 'Warburg' effect in tumor cellular metabolism refers to:

    • Oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells
    • Aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells
    • Mutations and defects in enzymes that regulate the Krebs cycle
    • Defective Mitochondrial ATP synthesis

    Answer: Aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells

16. Q16. A Granuloma is comprised of:

    • Fibroblasts and capillaries
    • Capillaries and giant cells
    • Endothelial cells and neutrophils
    • Central necrotic area, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes

    Answer: Central necrotic area, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes

17. Q17. During autopsy ONE of the following is NOT the role of the medical officer:

    • Identify the decedent
    • Ascertain the cause of death
    • Document evidence
    • Request for autopsy

    Answer: Request for autopsy

18. Q18. The postmortem interval can be estimated using the below EXCEPT:

    • Rigor Mortis
    • Algor Mortis
    • Mummification
    • Cadaveric spasms

    Answer: Cadaveric spasms

19. Q19. Exhumation of human remains may ONLY proceed on the authority of:

    • Valid Court Orders
    • The National Police Service
    • The Chief Government Pathologist
    • The Medical Superintendent

    Answer: Valid Court Orders

20. Q20. The following are chemical mediators of acute inflammation EXCEPT:

    • Leukotrienes
    • Complement proteins
    • Interleukins
    • Hormones

    Answer: Hormones

21. Q21. The characteristic cells of chronic inflammation are all EXCEPT:

    • Plasma cells
    • Macrophages
    • Lymphocytes
    • Polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNs)

    Answer: Polymorphonuclear Cells (PMNs)

22. Q22. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the pathologic assessment of tumours:

    • Grading is the degree of macroscopic and microscopic differentiation
    • Staging is the extent of spread of tumours
    • TNM and AJCC systems can be used for staging malignant tumours
    • All of the above

    Answer: All of the above

23. Q23. Complications of cutaneous wound healing include ONE of the following:

    • Wound dehiscence
    • Ulceration
    • Formation of contractures
    • Deficient scar formation

    Answer: Wound dehiscence

24. Q24. ONE of the following statements is TRUE:

    • Large cutaneous wounds heal by first intention
    • Hormones such as glucocorticoids inhibit collagen synthesis
    • Defective inflammation may cause increased susceptibility to infection
    • Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process

    Answer: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process