Bladder Cancer

Granulomatous prostatitis: BCG instillation (bladder cancer treatment) is most common cause — histologically identical to TB

What our notes say

Granulomatous prostatitis: BCG instillation (bladder cancer treatment) is most common cause — histologically identical to TB (Quick Guide: Male Reproductive System Pathology, Testis, Penis)
Bladder cancers are staged based on invasion of the detrusor muscle — the two must not be confused (Lower Urinary Tract & Ureter Pathology: Obstruction & Tumors)
Malignancy: cervical or bladder cancer invading the tissue. (Junior Clerkship in Reproductive Health (MBOG 4200): end of year examination, 4 )
Indirect-acting (procarcinogens): require metabolic activation (usually by cytochrome P450) - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke (lung cancer), aflatoxin B1 (hepatocellular carcinoma), aromatic amines (bladder cancer), nitrosamines (gastric/oesophageal cancer). (Eoy paper 2 gen systemic Patho 2025 — Past Paper Questions & Answers)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (indirect-acting): benzo[a]pyrene and other products of tobacco smoke, smoked/charred food, and fossil fuel combustion — associated with lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer. (General & Systemic Pathology SAQ Paper II — 15 July 2025 (MBPA 3500, MKU Year 3,)
Examples of chemical carcinogens: aflatoxin (hepatocellular carcinoma), aromatic amines (bladder cancer), asbestos (mesothelioma), nitrosamines (gastric cancer), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tobacco smoke (lung cancer) (General Pathology Revision: Cell Injury, Inflammation & Adaptation (MBPA 3500 Pa)