Gastrointestinal Hormones
Gastrointestinal hormones, in conjunction with the enteric and autonomic nervous systems, are essential for integrating and coordinating the mechanisms responsible for the movement, digestion, and absorption of ingested meals.
What our notes say
- Gastrointestinal hormones, in conjunction with the enteric and autonomic nervous systems, are essential for integrating and coordinating the mechanisms responsible for the movement, digestion, and absorption of ingested meals. (Gastrointestinal Hormones — Lecture 7 Notes)
- Insulin release is stimulated by an increase in blood glucose levels, amino acids, and gastrointestinal hormones. (LECTURE 6: Pancreatic and Adrenal Hormones — Notes)
- It also inhibits TSH release and has widespread inhibitory effects on various gastrointestinal hormones (e.g., gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin) and pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon). (Hypothalamic Hormones: Endocrine Regulation and Functions — Notes)
- Gastrointestinal Hormones:Secretin: Released in response to acidic chyme; it not only stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion but also promotes mucus secretion from Brunner’s glands. (Secretions of the Small Intestine and Their Control — Notes)
- Gastrointestinal Hormones:Gastrin: Primarily secreted by the stomach, it also influences intestinal secretion. (Secretions of the Small Intestine and Their Control — Notes)
Study material on Gastrointestinal Hormones
- Gastrointestinal Hormones — Lecture 7 Notes
- Medical Physiology: GIT, Renal, Endocrine & Neuro MCQs — Part 2
- Weekly Year 2: GIT Physiology Exam - March 20, 2026 (Section A: MCQs)
Practice questions on Gastrointestinal Hormones
Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones is secreted by 'I' cells in the duodenum and stimulates gallbladder contraction?
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Secretin
- Gastrin
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)
Answer: A. CCK is secreted by I cells in response to fatty acids and amino acids, stimulating gallbladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion.
Regarding gastrointestinal hormones, which of the following is true?
- Gastrin is secreted by the I cells of the duodenum
- Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) increases gastric acid secretion
- Cholecystokinin inhibits gallbladder contraction
- Secretin stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice
Answer: D. Secretin is released from S cells in the duodenum in response to low pH and stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate.
Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones primarily affects gastric function by inhibiting it?
- Gastrin
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Motilin
- Secretin
Answer: D. Both CCK and Secretin are released from the duodenum in response to chyme, and both inhibit gastric emptying and acid secretion, providing negative feedback to the stomach (part of the intestinal phase of gastric regulation). Gastrin stimulates gastric function. Motilin stimulates motility during fasting.
Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones is known for its role in inhibiting gastric acid secretion and promoting growth of the small intestinal mucosa?
- Gastrin
- Secretin
- GIP
- Enteroglucagon
Answer: D. Enteroglucagon (or glucagon-like peptide 1, GLP-1, and GLP-2) is secreted in response to carbohydrate and fat, inhibits gastric acid secretion and motility, and promotes mucosal growth, particularly in the small intestine. This gives the small intestine more time to process nutrients, especially when a large meal is ingested. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid and mucosal growth. Secretin inhibits gastric acid but promo