Osteoporosis
Respiratory failure (type 2), cor pulmonale, polycythaemia, pneumothorax (bullae), recurrent infections, lung cancer, osteoporosis, depression, malnutrition and cachexia.
Osteoporosis
- Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by a significant decrease in bone mass and increased bone resorption, leading to fragile bones and an elevated risk of fractures. Treatment often involves bisphosphonates and Hormone Repla
Read this in Calcium Homeostasis and Disorders
What our notes say
- Respiratory failure (type 2), cor pulmonale, polycythaemia, pneumothorax (bullae), recurrent infections, lung cancer, osteoporosis, depression, malnutrition and cachexia. (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD))
- Skeletal: accelerated bone loss, leading to osteoporosis. (Year 4 Gynaecology CAT 1 (MBOG 4212): 2 July 2021)
- Bone protection: calcium, vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise, and bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. (Year 4 Gynaecology CAT 1 (MBOG 4212): 2 July 2021)
- Topics tested: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, CREST and systemic sclerosis, myositis, vasculitis, gout and pseudogout, osteoporosis and fibromyalgia. (Internal Medicine Rheumatology CAT: 30 MCQs and 5 short answer questions)
- Bisphosphonates reduce vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. (Internal Medicine Rheumatology CAT: 30 MCQs and 5 short answer questions)
- o May be widespread in senile osteoporosis o Ankylosing spondylitis o Localized (gibbus) as in TB spine. (Examination of Respiratory system — Past Paper Questions & Answers)
Study material on Osteoporosis
- Endocrine LAqs and SAqs
- Internal Medicine Rheumatology CAT: 30 MCQs and 5 short answer questions
- Pharmacology CRASH Course
Practice questions on Osteoporosis
The gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis is
- Plain X-ray
- Serum osteocalcin
- DEXA scan
- Bone biopsy
Answer: C. DEXA scan measures bone mineral density; T-score ≤ −2.5 defines osteoporosis per WHO criteria. ---
Osteoporosis is defined as
- T-score between −1.0 and −2.5 (osteopenia)
- Elevated bone turnover markers only
- Bone mineral density T-score ≤ −2.5 at hip or lumbar spine (WHO definition)
- Any fracture occurring after age 50
Answer: C. WHO definition: T-score compares BMD to young adult mean. Normal: T ≥ −1.0. Osteopenia: −1.0 to −2.5. Osteoporosis: ≤ −2.5. Severe osteoporosis: ≤ −2.5 + fragility fracture. DEXA scan is gold standard. FRAX tool calculates 10-year fracture probability. Treatment: bisphosphonates (alendronate), denosumab, teriparatide (severe cases).
The gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis is ---
- Plain X-ray
- Serum osteocalcin
- DEXA scan
- Bone biopsy
Answer: C.