Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea
Also written as PND.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) — sudden breathlessness during sleep, waking the patient gasping; caused by frank pulmonary oedema; relieved by standing (gravitational pooling lowers left atrial/pulmonary capillary pressure); patient often seeks air at an open window
What our notes say
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) — sudden breathlessness during sleep, waking the patient gasping; caused by frank pulmonary oedema; relieved by standing (gravitational pooling lowers left atrial/pulmonary capillary pressure); patient often seeks air at an open window (CVS History & Physical Exam: Symptoms, Chest Pain & Syncope)
- Left heart failure: breathlessness, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, basal crackles, third heart sound. (Heart failure: which tests and why)
- Cardiac (not renal) clues: finger clubbing, palpitations, dizziness/syncope, angina, splinter haemorrhages, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea. (Cranial Nerves, Eye Exam & Vital Signs: MBChB Clinical Revision)
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) — sudden breathlessness waking patient from sleep due to frank pulmonary oedema; relieved by sitting/standing upright (CVS History, Physical Exam & ECG: Master Clinical Assessment)