Typhoid
Think local: malaria, typhoid, TB, HIV with opportunistic infection, meningitis and puerperal sepsis must be on the list in many settings, and are easily missed when the focus is on bacteria alone.
What our notes say
- Think local: malaria, typhoid, TB, HIV with opportunistic infection, meningitis and puerperal sepsis must be on the list in many settings, and are easily missed when the focus is on bacteria alone. (Sepsis and septic shock)
- This is particularly important in typhoid fever transmission. (Mbmm3311 – Medical Bacteriology)
- FANNIA (latrine fly) is a true vector of typhoid pathogens (Medical Entomology Past Paper MCQs)
- Typhoid fever, pyelonephritis or other sepsis, viral hepatitis, and HIV-related infections. (Junior Clerkship in Reproductive Health (MBOG 4200): end of year examination, 4 )
- Malaria (chronic, with splenomegaly), tropical splenomegaly syndrome, schistosomiasis, typhoid and brucellosis, tuberculosis, HIV and AIDS, lymphoma and leukaemia (chronic myeloid), histoplasmosis, and hepatosplenic causes such as chronic liver disease with portal hypertension. (Junior Clerkship in Internal Medicine (MBIM4100) main exam, Paper One: 31 Januar)
- Houseflies (*Musca*) transmit typhoid, cholera, dysentery via contaminated body parts (Medical Vectors: Ticks, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis & More)
Study material on Typhoid
- Epidemiology Case Study MCQs
- GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY (Part 2)
- Medical Vectors: Ticks, Trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis & More
- Epidemiology Case Study — Practice Questions
- Medical Entomology and Parasitology
- Medical Entomology and Vector Control
Practice questions on Typhoid
Which of the following are vectors of typhoid pathogens?
- True flies
- Haematogogus
- Sabathes
- Fannia
- Stomoxys Answer:
Answer: A. True flies (*Musca domestica*) mechanically transmit *Salmonella typhi* by contaminating food/water; *Haematogogus* and *Sabethes* are actually yellow fever mosquito vectors, not typhoid vectors. --- ---
Which of the following are vectors of typhoid pathogens?
- True flies
- Haematogogus
- Sabathes
- Fannia
- Stomoxys
Answer: A. True flies (Order Diptera), particularly Musca domestica (housefly), are mechanical vectors of Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi (typhoid pathogens). Flies contaminate food and water after contact with feces containing the bacteria. Haemagogus and Sabethes are mosquito genera that transmit yellow fever, Fannia flies can mechanically transmit various pathogens, and Stomoxys (stable fly) is a biting fly. ---