Vaccines
There is no HIV vaccine, and birth control pills do not protect.
Vaccines
- Seasonal influenza vaccine:
- Reformulated annually based on WHO predictions of circulating strains
- Contains H and N antigens from predicted strains — usually 3 or 4 strains (trivalent or quadrivalent)
- Inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) — killed virus; injected; suitable for all including immunocompromised
- Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) — weakened live virus; nasal spray; not for immunocompromised
Read this in EXAM: Influenza, Viral Receptors & Spikes, Interferons, and Viral Pathogenesis
Vaccine
- MMR vaccine — live attenuated; given at 12–15 months and 4–6 years
- Highly effective — one dose 93% protective, two doses 97% protective
- Contraindicated in immunocompromised and pregnancy
Read this in EXAM: Hepatitis Viruses, Oncogenic Viruses, Paramyxoviruses & Arboviruses
Vaccine
- MMR — live attenuated; same schedule as measles
Read this in EXAM: Hepatitis Viruses, Oncogenic Viruses, Paramyxoviruses & Arboviruses
What our notes say
- There is no HIV vaccine, and birth control pills do not protect. (Internal Medicine (MBIM 4100) main exam, Paper One: 3 July 2019)
- The vaccine is approved for children older than 2 years (Paediatrics end of fourth year special supplementary exam: August 2019, Paper On)
- The incubation period is 2 to 6 weeks, and the vaccine can be given from 1 year. (Paediatrics end of fourth year special supplementary exam: August 2019, Paper On)
- Stop smoking; pneumococcal and influenza vaccines (and Hib/PCV in children); treat HIV; reduce biomass smoke exposure; good hand and oral hygiene. (Pneumonia)
- Inhaled bronchodilators, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccines (influenza, pneumococcal). (Bronchitis (Acute and Chronic))
- Supportive: oxygen (resting or exertional hypoxaemia), pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccines (influenza, pneumococcal, COVID-19), stop smoking, treat reflux, cough and pulmonary hypertension. (Interstitial Lung Diseases)
Study material on Vaccines
- EXAM: Vaccines & Antivirals, Rabies, CMV & EBV, Adenovirus & Enteroviruses
- MKU Medical Virology Exam Guide: HIV, CMV, Vaccines & More
- MBCHB Virology & Mycology: Interferons, Vaccines, Fungi, Mycetoma
- Immunopathology Cat: Hypersensitivity & Anaphylaxis MCQs
- VIROLOGY SEM 3 CRASHED
- Paediatrics main exam (MBPE 4300): 24 January 2022, Paper One, 100 MCQs, 2 short essays and 2 long essays
- EXAM: Hepatitis Viruses, Oncogenic Viruses, Paramyxoviruses & Arboviruses
- EXAM: Influenza, Viral Receptors & Spikes, Interferons, and Viral Pathogenesis
- Medical Microbiology III Exam: Viruses, Fungi & Diagnosis
- Mycology Revision: Fungal Infections, Histoplasmosis & Cryptococcosis
Practice questions on Vaccines
Which statement about the quadrivalent HPV vaccine is correct?
- It covers all known oncogenic HPV serotypes effectively
- It eliminates the need for routine cervical cancer screening
- It is only effective when given before any sexual activity
- It protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18
Answer: D. The quadrivalent vaccine covers types 6, 11, 16, and 18. It does not replace screening because other oncogenic types exist and many women are already infected. ---