Acute Lung Injury
Also written as ALI.
Acute lung injury within 6h, no volume overload, is the defining feature of TRALI.
What our notes say
- Acute lung injury within 6h, no volume overload, is the defining feature of TRALI. (Master Blood Transfusion: A Medical Quiz on Reactions & Tests)
- TRALI (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury): within 6 hours; pulmonary infiltrates with chest symptoms; caused by HLA antibodies in donor plasma (multiparous women); management supportive; male donors preferred to reduce risk ( Transfusion: Governance, Donor Selection & Blood Groups)
- Compare and contrast acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). (5 marks) (End Sem Cat: Respiratory Pathology: Emphysema, ARDS, Pneumoconiosis)
- *(Others acceptable: high altitude, near-drowning, drug overdose/reaction, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), radiation injury)* (End Sem Cat: Respiratory Pathology: Emphysema, ARDS, Pneumoconiosis)
- | Feature | Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) | Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) | (Blood Transfusion Medicine: An Exam-Focused Review)
- Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Diffuse Alveolar Damage) (Human Pathology)
Study material on Acute Lung Injury
- End Sem Cat: Respiratory Pathology: Emphysema, ARDS, Pneumoconiosis
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A
- Haematology Exam 2025: MCQs on Anaemia, Leukaemia & Clotting
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A — Practice Questions
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A — Practice Questions
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A — Practice Questions
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A — Practice Questions
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A — Practice Questions
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A — Practice Questions
Practice questions on Acute Lung Injury
Which cytokine is released within 30 minutes of acute lung injury and drives neutrophil chemotaxis?
- Interleukin-5
- Interleukin-13
- Interleukin-8
- Tumor necrosis factor
Answer: C. IL-8 is released by pulmonary macrophages within 30 minutes of an acute insult. It is a potent neutrophil chemotactic and activating agent central to ARDS pathogenesis. ---
TRALI (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury) is characterised by which clinical picture?
- Urticaria and bronchospasm within 15 minutes
- Acute hypoxia, non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema within 6 hours of transfusion
- Bilateral leg oedema and raised JVP
- Haemolytic anaemia with a positive DAT
- Fever and chills without other symptoms ✅ Answer: B
Answer: A. TRALI is characterized by acute respiratory distress, severe hypoxia, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema occurring within 6 hours of transfusion.
Which cytokine is released within 30 minutes of acute lung injury and drives neutrophil chemotaxis?
- Interleukin-4 (IL-4)
- Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
- Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
- Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)
Answer: B. IL-8 is a potent chemokine that rapidly recruits neutrophils to sites of inflammation and injury, including the lungs during acute lung injury and ARDS. TNF-alpha and IL-1 also play early roles.
Which cytokine is released within 30 minutes of acute lung injury and drives neutrophil chemotaxis?
- IL-1
- TNF-alpha
- IL-8
- IL-6
Answer: C. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, is a potent chemokine that is rapidly released in response to lung injury. Its primary function is to attract and activate neutrophils, directing them to the site of inflammation. While IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 are also pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in lung injury, IL-8 is specifically known for its potent neutrophil chemotactic activity within this timeframe.
Which cytokine is released within 30 minutes of acute lung injury and drives neutrophil chemotaxis?
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
- Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
- Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)
Answer: C. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, is a potent chemokine that is rapidly released in response to acute lung injury. It is a key chemoattractant for neutrophils, promoting their migration from the vasculature into the lung tissue, which is a critical early event in the pathogenesis of ARDS.
Which cytokine is released within 30 minutes of acute lung injury and drives neutrophil chemotaxis?
- TNF-alpha
- IL-1
- IL-8 (CXCL8)
- IL-6
Answer: C. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, is a potent chemokine that is rapidly released within minutes to hours of acute lung injury. Its primary role is to attract and activate neutrophils to the site of inflammation, playing a critical role in the early stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).