Chronic Renal Failure
Also written as CRF.
The most common neurological disorder seen in chronic renal failure is:
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
- Common causes: Glomerulonephritis, Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension.
- Progressive nephron loss leads to polyuria ( opposite of ARF ).
Read this in Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
- Common causes : Glomerulonephritis, diabetes, hypertension
- Key feature : Polyuria (opposite of ARF)
Read this in KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS & GASTRIC FUNCTION
What our notes say
- The most common neurological disorder seen in chronic renal failure is: (Junior Clerkship in Internal Medicine (MBIM4100) main exam, Paper One: 31 Januar)
- The lack of resolution with corticosteroid therapy and the progression to chronic renal failure is what sets FSGS apart from minimal change disease. (renal pathology — Past Paper Questions & Answers)
- Outline 10 complications associated with chronic renal failure in children (10 marks) (Paediatrics and Child Health end of semester examination (MBPE): 10 January 2023)
- A 75-year-old male admitted for chronic renal failure has white/yellowish painless nodules on the helix of the ear and fingers. (Internal Medicine (MBIM 4100) special/supplementary exam, Paper Two: 14 August 2)
- Patients with progressive chronic renal failure typically develop: (Internal Medicine (MBIM 4100) special/supplementary exam, Paper Two: 14 August 2)
- A 17-year-old girl with Goodpasture syndrome progressed to chronic renal failure and was placed on chronic hemodialysis. (Chemical pathology and Endocrine pathology — Past Paper Questions & Answers)
Study material on Chronic Renal Failure
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
- renal pathology
- KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS & GASTRIC FUNCTION
- Chemical pathology and Endocrine pathology
- Chemical Pathology MCQs: Diabetes, Renal & Liver Disease
- ENDOCRINE PATHOLOGY
- Pituitary + Thyroid & Parathyroid
Practice questions on Chronic Renal Failure
In secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure, PTH levels are usually
- Low or undetectable
- Normal
- Mildly elevated
- Markedly elevated
Answer: D. Chronic renal failure leads to phosphate retention and impaired vitamin D activation, causing hypocalcemia. This chronically stimulates the parathyroid glands, leading to compensatory hyperplasia and markedly elevated PTH levels. ---
A patient with chronic renal failure develops hyperphosphatemia. This is because the failing kidneys are unable to
- Reabsorb phosphate
- Excrete phosphate
- Synthesize vitamin D
- Secrete PTH
Answer: B. Healthy kidneys filter and excrete phosphate. In chronic renal failure, this filtration capacity is reduced, leading to phosphate retention (hyperphosphatemia). This also contributes to hypocalcemia, which stimulates PTH secretion. ---
A 60-year-old male with chronic renal failure develops calcific deposits in the medial layer of muscular arteries, visible on X-ray as 'tram-track' calcifications. This is BEST described as:
- Atherosclerosis of large elastic arteries
- Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
- Hyaline arteriosclerosis
- Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis
- Fibromuscular dysplasia
Answer: B. Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis is characterized by calcification within the media of muscular arteries, often seen in chronic kidney disease, and appears as "tram-track" calcifications on imaging.
60-year-old, chronic renal failure, calcific deposits in the media of muscular arteries, "tram-track" on X-ray. Best description? - Mönckeberg sclerosis: calcification of the **media** of muscular arteries, common in elderly/diabetics/CKD; does **not** narrow the lumen (unlike atherosclerosis) ---
- Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
- Fibromuscular dysplasia
- Atherosclerosis of large elastic arteries
- Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
- Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis
Answer: E.