Epidemiology
b) What is the typical epidemiology of this category of Staphylococcus aureus and how does it compare with MRSA that has been traditionally found in hospital settings.
Definition and epidemiology
- Lung cancer is a malignant tumour arising from the bronchial epithelium (bronchogenic carcinoma) . It is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide . Most patients present late with advanced disease, which is the main reason for poor survi
Definition & Epidemiology
- Primarily a degenerative disease of cartilage, not primarily inflammatory (despite the name)
- Primary OA: Idiopathic, aging-related; usually oligoarticular; onset 50 years; ~40% of people 70 years affected
- Secondary OA: Younger individuals with predisposing factors — joint deformity, prior injury, diabetes, ochronosis, hemochromatosis, marked obesity
- Knees and hands more common in women; hips more common in men
Read this in Mastering Joint Pathology: Arthritis, OA & Joint Anatomy
Epidemiology
- Highly contagious — one of the most contagious human viruses
- Spreads by: respiratory droplets, direct contact with vesicle fluid, airborne
- Primary infection almost universal in childhood in unvaccinated populations
- After primary infection — latency established in dorsal root ganglia and cranial nerve ganglia
Read this in EXAM: Basic Virology, Viral Replication, Prions & Slow Viruses, Poxviruses & VZV
Epidemiology
- Ubiquitous — infects 50–90% of adults worldwide
- Transmitted through: saliva, urine, breast milk, sexual contact, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, transplacental
- Primary infection usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals
- Establishes latency in monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells
Read this in EXAM: Vaccines & Antivirals, Rabies, CMV & EBV, Adenovirus & Enteroviruses
What our notes say
- b) What is the typical epidemiology of this category of Staphylococcus aureus and how does it compare with MRSA that has been traditionally found in hospital settings. (FAIMSmicro 1 2006 — Past Paper Questions & Answers)
- Epidemiology: It is the most common autosomal chromosomal disorder and the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability; incidence rises sharply with increasing maternal age. (Cytopathology vs Histopathology CAT: Definitions & Lab Basics)
- Rubella, though technically a togavirus, is traditionally grouped with these in clinical teaching because of its similar epidemiology and the MMR vaccine. (EXAM: Hepatitis Viruses, Oncogenic Viruses, Paramyxoviruses & Arboviruses)
- Epidemiology (orientation): lifetime prevalence of bipolar I about 1%, the whole spectrum about 2–4%. (Bipolar and Related Disorders)
- Vaccinations may alter the overall epidemiology and likelihood for infectious agents. (CNS PATHOLOGY — Past Paper Questions & Answers)
- Department of Community Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Mastering Community Health: Diagnosis, Indicators & Care Strategies)
Study material on Epidemiology
- Epidemiology And Biostatistics
- Fungal Genetics, HIV & Mycoses Epidemiology in Kenya
- Breast Cancer Guide: Epidemiology, Risk Factors & Classification
- Epidemiology Case Study MCQs
- FSGS & HIV Nephropathy: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Prognosis
- Master Rhinoviruses & RVFV: Common Cold & Zoonotic Fever
- Medical Virology: Parvovirus B19 & Adenovirus Exam Guide
- Neurodegenerative Prion Diseases: CJD, Pathology & Rapid Dementia
- Medical Mycology Fundamentals: Fungi, Antifungal Drugs & More
- Glomerular Diseases: Classification, Histology & Pathology
- Epidemiology Case Study — Practice Questions
- Respiratory System Pathology 1A — Practice Questions
- Medical Mycology Q&A: Fungal Pathogens, Drugs, & Diseases
Practice questions on Epidemiology
Which statement regarding the epidemiology of candidiasis is correct?
- Patients receiving bone marrow transplants are not at risk for systemic candidiasis
- Patients with impaired neutrophils and monocytes are not at risk for systemic candidiasis
- Patients with any form of diabetes have enhanced resistance to candidiasis
- Patients with A
Answer: D. This question is incomplete. However, generally, impaired neutrophil and monocyte function significantly increases the risk of systemic candidiasis.
Which statement regarding epidemiology of candidiasis is correct? Oral thrush is extremely common in AIDS/immunosuppressed patients. ---
- Bone marrow transplant patients are not at risk for systemic candidiasis
- Patients with low neutrophils/monocytes are not at risk
- Diabetics have enhanced resistance to candidiasis
- AIDS patients frequently develop mucocutaneous candidiasis, such as thrush
- Pregnancy lowers risk of candidal vaginitis
Answer: D.
Epidemiology of candidiasis — correct statement ---
- Bone marrow transplant patients not at risk for systemic candidiasis
- Low neutrophils/monocytes not at risk
- Diabetics have enhanced resistance
- AIDS patients frequently develop mucocutaneous candidiasis (thrush)
- Pregnancy lowers risk of candidal vaginitis
Answer: D.