Congenital Heart Disease
Also written as CHD.
A cyanotic newborn is suspected of congenital heart disease.
Congenital Heart Disease
- Left-to-right shunts (acyanotic — blue later):
- VSD: The most common congenital heart defect (30%), producing a holosystolic murmur .
- ASD: Characterized by a fixed split S2 , with ostium secundum being the most common type.
- PDA: Presents with a continuous machine-like murmur . It can be closed with indomethacin and kept open with PGE1 .
- Right-to-left shunts (cyanotic — blue early) — 5 T's:
Read this in Heart Pathology: Comprehensive Short Notes
What our notes say
- A cyanotic newborn is suspected of congenital heart disease. (Paediatrics end of fourth year special supplementary exam: August 2019, Paper On)
- The baby is most likely to have a serious congenital heart disease (Paediatrics main exam (MBPE 4300): 24 January 2022, Paper One, 100 MCQs, 2 short)
- The absence of a murmur rules out the possibility of congenital heart disease (Paediatrics Year 4 MBChB end of semester CAT: triage, newborn care, growth and d)
- Heart: congenital heart disease in about 40 to 50%, most often atrioventricular septal defect, and also VSD, ASD and patent ductus. (Paediatrics Year 4 MBChB end of semester CAT: triage, newborn care, growth and d)
- Others: pneumonia, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease with heart failure, and tracheobronchomalacia. (Paediatrics main exam (MBPE 4300): 24 January 2022, Paper One, 100 MCQs, 2 short)
- Paediatrics end of 3rd trimester exam (MBPE 4300): 11 January 2022, congenital heart disease essay and 20 MCQs (Paediatrics end of 3rd trimester exam (MBPE 4300): 11 January 2022, congenital h)
Study material on Congenital Heart Disease
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Paediatrics end of 3rd trimester exam (MBPE 4300): 11 January 2022, congenital heart disease essay and 20 MCQs
- 🫀 MISSING TOPICS — ULTRA DEEP NOTES
- CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
- Comprehensive Heart Pathology Notes 🫀
- Paediatrics Year 4 MBChB end of semester CAT: triage, newborn care, growth and development, 30 MCQs and 5 short answers
- Paediatrics main exam (MBPE 4300): 24 January 2022, Paper One, 100 MCQs, 2 short essays and 2 long essays
- Heart Pathology: Comprehensive Short Notes
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Congenital Heart Disease
- MCQ: Cardiovascular System Pathology
Practice questions on Congenital Heart Disease
What percentage of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease?
- 20%
- 30%
- 40%
- 60%
- Reduced by routine feedback control
Answer: C. Approximately 40% of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease, most commonly endocardial cushion defects including atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects. ---
VSD accounts for what percentage of all congenital heart disease?
- 10%
- 15%
- 20%
- 25%
Answer: D. VSD is the most common congenital heart defect overall, accounting for 25% of all CHD. ---
Which of the following maternal infections is a recognised cause of congenital heart disease?
- Cytomegalovirus
- Rubella
- Herpes simplex virus
- Toxoplasma gondii
Answer: B. Maternal rubella is a recognised environmental cause of CHD, particularly PDA and pulmonary stenosis. It is specifically listed among the environmental teratogenic causes of CHD. ---
What percentage of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease?
- 20%
- 30%
- 40%
- 60%
Answer: C. ** Approximately 40% of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease, most commonly endocardial cushion defects. ---
Which of the following is the most common genetic cause of congenital heart disease?
- Trisomy 18
- DiGeorge syndrome
- Turner syndrome
- Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)
Answer: D. Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome, is the most common genetic cause associated with congenital heart disease. ---
A "shunt" in congenital heart disease is best defined as
- A thickening of the ventricular wall
- A complete obstruction of a valve
- An abnormal communication between chambers or vessels
- A failure of the heart to beat
Answer: C. A shunt refers to an abnormal communication allowing blood to flow between chambers or vessels, bypassing normal circulation. ---