Heart Disease
Class IC drugs (flecainide, propafenone) are contraindicated in structural heart disease.
What our notes say
- Class IC drugs (flecainide, propafenone) are contraindicated in structural heart disease. (Clinical Pharmacology I (MBPL 4400) main exam: 25 January 2023)
- The triad is cataracts, deafness and heart disease (patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary artery stenosis). (Paediatrics end of fourth year special supplementary exam: August 2019, Paper On)
- Rheumatic heart disease is a disease of older children and follows streptococcal infection. (Paediatrics end of first trimester exam (MBPE 4300): 27 November 2018, 49 of 50 )
- | Medically ill patients | Adjust for kidney and liver disease; check heart disease and QT prolongation; consider interactions with other drugs. | (Introduction to Psychopharmacology)
- (c) Clopidogrel in coronary heart disease: an irreversible P2Y12 (ADP receptor) antagonist, a prodrug activated by CYP2C19. (Clinical Pharmacology I (MBPL 4400) main exam: 25 January 2023)
- Start at 25 to 50 micrograms in older patients or with heart disease, and increase every 4 to 6 weeks. (Integrated case paper: Medicine, Surgery, Gynaecology and Paediatrics (160 marks)
Study material on Heart Disease
- 🫀 VALVULAR HEART DISEASE — ULTRA DEEP NOTES
- Heart Disease — Must Knows
- Heart Disease: Must Knows
- Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
- Paediatrics end of 3rd trimester exam (MBPE 4300): 11 January 2022, congenital heart disease essay and 20 MCQs
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Cardiovascular system examination revised 2012
- CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
- Heart Pathology: Comprehensive Short Notes
- Comprehensive Heart Pathology Notes 🫀
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Heart Disease — Must Knows
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Heart Disease: Must Knows
- Congenital Heart Disease
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Practice questions on Heart Disease
What percentage of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease?
- 20%
- 30%
- 40%
- 60%
- Reduced by routine feedback control
Answer: C. Approximately 40% of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease, most commonly endocardial cushion defects including atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects. ---
A 24-year-old woman with rheumatic heart disease receives a porcine bioprosthesis. After 10 years it needs replacement. Most likely pathologic finding?
- Dehiscence
- Endocarditis
- Strut failure
- Calcification
Answer: D. Bioprosthetic valves avoid anticoagulation but undergo progressive calcification over 5–10 years, causing stenosis and requiring replacement. ---
VSD accounts for what percentage of all congenital heart disease?
- 10%
- 15%
- 20%
- 25%
Answer: D. VSD is the most common congenital heart defect overall, accounting for 25% of all CHD. ---
Which of the following maternal infections is a recognised cause of congenital heart disease?
- Cytomegalovirus
- Rubella
- Herpes simplex virus
- Toxoplasma gondii
Answer: B. Maternal rubella is a recognised environmental cause of CHD, particularly PDA and pulmonary stenosis. It is specifically listed among the environmental teratogenic causes of CHD. ---
Which of the listed below is LEAST commonly affected in Rheumatic heart disease?
- Mitral Valve
- Tricuspid Valve
- Mitral and Aortic valve
- Aortic Valve
- Pulmonary Valve ✅ Answer: E
Answer: A. The pulmonary valve is the least commonly affected valve in rheumatic heart disease, which predominantly affects the mitral and aortic valves.
What percentage of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease?
- 20%
- 30%
- 40%
- 60%
Answer: C. ** Approximately 40% of Down syndrome patients have congenital heart disease, most commonly endocardial cushion defects. ---