Mitral Regurgitation
Also written as MR.
Mitral regurgitation is commonly associated with mitral valve prolapse or papillary muscle rupture post-MI, causing both left atrial and left ventricular enlargement.
Mitral Regurgitation
- Causes: MVP, rheumatic fever, papillary muscle rupture (post-MI), DCM
- Holosystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla
- Volume overload → eccentric LVH
Read this in Comprehensive Heart Pathology Notes 🫀
What our notes say
- Mitral regurgitation is commonly associated with mitral valve prolapse or papillary muscle rupture post-MI, causing both left atrial and left ventricular enlargement. (🫀 VALVULAR HEART DISEASE — ULTRA DEEP NOTES)
- Mitral regurgitation (MR) occurs when the mitral valve fails to close completely during systole, causing blood to leak BACK from the LV into the LA. (🫀 VALVULAR HEART DISEASE — ULTRA DEEP NOTES)
- A 10-year-old girl has difficulty breathing, swollen legs, periorbital oedema, a gallop rhythm, a loud murmur of mitral regurgitation and a tender enlarged liver. (Paediatrics main exam (MBPE 4300): 24 January 2022, Paper One, 100 MCQs, 2 short)
- Carditis (pancarditis: endocarditis with a murmur such as mitral regurgitation, myocarditis and pericarditis). (Paediatrics main exam (MBPE 4300): 24 January 2022, Paper One, 100 MCQs, 2 short)
- A 10-year-old girl with rheumatic heart disease has difficulty breathing, swollen legs and face, a gallop rhythm, a loud murmur of mitral regurgitation and a tender enlarged liver. (Paediatrics end of 3rd trimester exam (MBPE 4300): 11 January 2022, congenital h)
- Repeated attacks scar the heart valves and cause rheumatic heart disease (RHD), most often mitral stenosis, then mitral regurgitation and aortic valve disease. (Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease)
Study material on Mitral Regurgitation
- 🫀 VALVULAR HEART DISEASE — ULTRA DEEP NOTES
- Cardiovascular system examination revised 2012
- Heart murmurs
- Heart Disease: Must Knows
- Heart Disease: Must Knows
- Heart Disease: Must Knows
Practice questions on Mitral Regurgitation
A 63-year-old male with known coronary artery disease develops a new harsh pansystolic murmur and signs of cardiogenic shock 4 days after a large inferior MI. Echocardiography shows severe mitral regurgitation. What is the MOST likely structural cause?
- A rupture of the interventricular septum creating an acquired VSD
- Papillary muscle rupture causing acute mitral valve incompetence
- Dressler syndrome causing pericardial effusion
- Left ventricular free wall rupture with pseudoaneurysm
- Aortic root dilation causing aortic regurgitation ✅ Answer: B
Answer: A. Papillary muscle rupture is a known mechanical complication of MI, typically occurring 3-7 days post-MI, leading to acute severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock.