Uterus
It causes a diffusely enlarged, tender uterus, heavy painful periods and is common in multiparous women over 35.
What our notes say
- It causes a diffusely enlarged, tender uterus, heavy painful periods and is common in multiparous women over 35. (Year 4 Gynaecology CAT 2 (MBOG 4212): 8 October 2021)
- The part of the fetus that occupies the lower segment of the uterus or pelvis is called: (Junior Clerkship in Reproductive Health (MBOG 4200): end of year examination, 4 )
- All of the following are supports of the uterus EXCEPT: (Year 4 Gynaecology CAT (MBOG 4212): 15 March 2019, 39 of 40 MCQs)
- In a patient with a bicornuate uterus, pregnancy can give all these complications EXCEPT: (Reproductive Health 1 End of Trimester CAT: 40 MCQs and 4 short answers)
- A bicornuate uterus causes miscarriage, preterm labour, malpresentation and retained placenta. (Reproductive Health 1 End of Trimester CAT: 40 MCQs and 4 short answers)
- Abdominal enlargement from the growing uterus, and fatigue or urinary frequency. (Reproductive Health 1 End of Trimester CAT: November 2018)
Study material on Uterus
- Female system
- Abortion and miscarriage
- Junior Clerkship in Reproductive Health (MBOG 4200): end of year examination, 4 July 2019
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Question Bank: 12 Clinical MCQs
- Female Reproductive Pathology: HPV, Cancer, PCOS & Pregnancy
- Reproductive Health 1 End of Trimester CAT: 40 MCQs and 4 short answers
- Diagnosis of pregnancy
- Physiological changes in pregnancy
- pathology essays
- systemic pathology essays
- CamScanner 07 07 2026 14.14 — Past Paper Questions & Answers
- Pathology by Dr. Irungu
- Embryology — Past Paper Questions & Answers
- CELLULAR INJURY AND ADAPTATION MCQs
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Practice questions on Uterus
A 20-year-old woman is unable to conceive and undergoes an infertility workup. A pelvic ultrasound reveals a bicornuate uterus. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for her anomalous uterus?
- Excess circulating maternal androgens while in utero
- Failure of primordial germ cell migration
- Failure of the paramesonephric ducts to fuse
- Failure of the urorectal septum to reach the perineum
- Low circulating levels of fetal estrogens
Answer: C. The paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts form the uterus, and failure of fusion in the upper portion leaves two cavities, not one. Uterine anomalies account for a small number of cases of infertility, because implantation or growth of the developing embryo is affected. ---
An 18-year-old primigravida measures 18 weeks' gestation on examination. Ultrasound examination shows a uniformly enlarged uterus. Which of the following cellular changes leads to this increase in uterine size?
- Myometrial hypertrophy
- Endothelial hyperplasia
- Fatty infiltration
- Endometrial metaplasia
- Inflammatory cell infiltration
Answer: A. This cellular hypertrophy of the myometrium of the uterus with increase in cell size (not hyperplasia with increase in cell number) accounts for most of the marked increase in size of the uterus during pregnancy. Following pregnancy and reduction in hormonal stimulation, the uterus returns back to its normal size. ---
The nonpregnant uterus of a 20-year-old woman measures 7 × 4 × 3 cm. The woman becomes pregnant and just before delivery of a term infant, the uterus measures 34 × 18 × 12 cm. Which of the following cellular processes has contributed most to the increase in uterine size?
- Endometrial glandular hyperplasia
- Myometrial fibroblast proliferation
- Endometrial stromal hypertrophy
- Myometrial smooth muscle hypertrophy
- Vascular endothelial hyperplasia ANSWER: D
Answer: D. The increase in uterine size is primarily the result of an increase in myometrial smooth muscle cell size. The endometrium also increases in size, but it remains as a lining to the muscular wall and does not contribute as much to the change in size. ---
ONE of the following is the most likely complication of submucosal fibroids of the uterus.
- Torsion
- Menorrhagia
- Infertility
- Metastasis
- Hydronephrosis ✅ Answer: B
Answer: A. Submucosal fibroids commonly cause heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) due to their proximity to the endometrial cavity.
A 28-year-old woman presents with pelvic pain and infertility. Laparoscopy reveals multiple blue-black lesions on the ovaries and peritoneum. Histology shows endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- Adenomyosis
- Endometriosis
- Leiomyoma
- Endometrial hyperplasia
- Ovarian cystadenoma ✅ Answer: B
Answer: A. The presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus (blue-black lesions) is characteristic of endometriosis.
A 35-year-old woman presents with heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pressure. Ultrasound reveals multiple well-circumscribed masses in the uterus composed of smooth muscle cells arranged in whorled patterns. Which diagnosis is most likely?
- Endometrial carcinoma
- Leiomyoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Adenomyosis
- Stage 3b cervical cancer ✅ Answer: B
Answer: A. Well-circumscribed masses of smooth muscle in the uterus, arranged in whorled patterns, are characteristic of leiomyomas (fibroids).