Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma
A complication of chronic GERD, Barrett oesophagus is defined by intestinal metaplasia within the oesophageal squamous mucosa, significantly increasing the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma
- Who : White males; 7× more common in men; highest in developed Western countries; one of the fastest-rising cancers in incidence
- Risk Factors : Barrett oesophagus, chronic GERD, documented dysplasia, tobacco, obesity, radiation Protective: fruits & vegetables
- Each step = accumulation of genetic + epigenetic changes. Epithelial clones from non-dysplastic Barrett persist and accumulate mutations over time.
- Location : Distal 1/3 of oesophagus; may invade gastric cardia
- Gross : Early = flat/raised patches → Late = exophytic mass OR ulcerated OR diffusely infiltrating
Read this in Gastropathology Pathology
Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma
- Demographics: White males; 7× more common in men; highest in developed Western countries.
- Risk Factors: Barrett oesophagus, chronic GERD, documented dysplasia, tobacco, obesity, radiation.
- Protective Factors: Fruits and vegetables.
- Pathogenesis: Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes (TP53, chromosomal abnormalities).
- Location: Distal 1/3 of oesophagus; may invade gastric cardia.
Read this in Tumours of the Gastrointestinal Tract
What our notes say
- A complication of chronic GERD, Barrett oesophagus is defined by intestinal metaplasia within the oesophageal squamous mucosa, significantly increasing the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. (GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY (Part 1))
- Barrett oesophagus is a significant risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma, with a 30- to 40-fold increased risk compared to the general population. (GASTROINTESTINAL PATHOLOGY (Part 1))
- Progresses through dysplasia (low-grade → high-grade) → risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (Essential Cardiovascular Pathology: Atherosclerosis to Endoc)
- It provides an overview of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting their distinct risk factors, locations, and demographics. (Gastropathology Pathology)
- Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Arises in the distal 1/3, primarily in white males with Barrett oesophagus as a precursor. (Gastropathology Pathology)
- Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Arises in the distal 1/3 of the oesophagus, strongly linked to Barrett oesophagus (columnar metaplasia due to chronic GERD) and TP53 mutations. (Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: High-Yield Exam Review)