Part 4 of 4
Sadness is a symptom of many conditions and also part of normal life.
What our notes say
- Sadness is a symptom of many conditions and also part of normal life. (Classification of Mental Disorders)
- Insight is the patient's awareness and understanding that they have a mental illness, that their symptoms are part of it, and that treatment is needed. (Introduction to Psychopathology)
- Mannerisms: Odd, purposeful-looking behaviours or gestures that are part of a person's habitual repertoire. (Dictionary of Psychopathology)
- Treatment in psychiatry is more than medicine: psychological and non-pharmacological interventions are part of the MKU Year 4 curriculum (MBPS 4537). (Psychological Therapies and Non-Pharmacological Interventions)
- Community-based care, and culturally sensitive work with religious or traditional leaders where appropriate, are part of the plan. (Psychological Therapies and Non-Pharmacological Interventions)
- The part of the fetus that occupies the lower segment of the uterus or pelvis is called: (Junior Clerkship in Reproductive Health (MBOG 4200): end of year examination, 4 )
Study material on Part 4 of 4
- Devendra K. Gupta, Krishna M. Goel - Hutchison’s Paediatrics. chdhe-Jaypee Brothers (2012)
- Anatomy MCQs — Abdomen & Mediastinum (Part 4 of 4)
- Anatomy MCQs — Thorax Study Guide (Part 2 of 4)
- Lower Limb Anatomy MCQ Compilation — Set 2 (Part 2 of 4)
- Medical Physiology Paper I — Exam III, Q1–50 (Part 4 of 5)
- Aponeurosis Anatomy Question Bank — Pelvis, Thigh, Knee & Lower Leg (Part 1 of 3)
- Aponeurosis Anatomy Question Bank — Forearm, Hand & Additional Practice (Part 3 of 3)
- Anatomy Must-Know — Lower Limb MCQs, Section 3 (Part 3 of 4)
- Anatomy Must-Know — Lower Limb MCQs, Section 2 (Part 2 of 4)
- Lower Limb Anatomy MCQ Compilation — Set 3a (Part 3 of 4)
- Weekly Year 1: Anatomy Exam - May 22, 2026 (Section A: MCQs)
- Limbic System and Hypothalamus Examination — Essay Questions
- Weekly Year 1: Anatomy Exam - June 12, 2026 (Section A: MCQs)
- Weekly Year 2: Cellular Immunology Exam - March 27, 2026 (Section A: MCQs)
- END YEAR PP1 & PP2 2025 Physiology: MCQs for Medical School Exams
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Practice questions on Part 4 of 4
A major part of gallbladder contractions are due to:
- C. Vagal stimulation and Cholecystokinin (CCK).
- B. Gastrin.
- A. Secretin.
- D. Somatostatin.
Answer: A. Gallbladder contraction is primarily stimulated by Cholecystokinin (CCK), released in response to fats and proteins in the duodenum. Vagal (parasympathetic) stimulation also contributes to gallbladder contraction. Secretin primarily stimulates bicarbonate secretion. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid. Somatostatin is inhibitory.
Which factor is NOT part of the intrinsic coagulation pathway? ---
- Factor VII
- Factor IX
- Factor XI
- Factor VIII
- Factor XII
Answer: A. Factor VII belongs to the tissue-factor (extrinsic) pathway rather than the intrinsic pathway.
Which part of the Loop of Henle is more permeable to water? ---
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting ducts
- Thin ascending limb
- Thin descending limb
Answer: D. The distal convoluted tubule has fewer microvilli than the proximal tubule and performs regulated solute transport, including NaCl reabsorption and calcium handling.
Which part of the renal tubule has fewer microvilli and its main function is secretion? ---
- Loop of Henle
- Collecting duct
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
Answer: C. Macula densa cells sense tubular NaCl delivery and signal to nearby juxtaglomerular cells and vascular structures. They are specialized epithelial cells of the distal tubule.
Which microorganism can be part of normal vaginal flora and cause meningitis in newborns?
- Group B streptococci
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Candida albicans
- Corynebacterium species
Answer: A. Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Strep) is normal vaginal flora in ~25% of women but can cause serious infections in newborns, including meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis.
Most ventricular septal defects (VSDs) occur in which part of the septum?
- Lower septum
- Muscular part
- Infundibular part
- Membranous part
Answer: D. The membranous part of the ventricular septum is the most common site for VSDs.